MOD 11 CV disorders SET #1

Hypertension

persistant elevation of arteriolar blood pressure

• causes damage to the arteriole walls from countless pounding

• makes arteries less flexible

• causes tissue death in organs they supply b/c the organs are not getting enough oxygen

Primary Hypertension

Occurs over time

Secondary Hypertension

Caused by endocrine disorder or kidney disease

Complications- Hypertension

CV system:

• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

• heart failure

• Aortic aneurysm or dissection (widening/tear)

Cerebrovascular system: blood vessels that supply heart

• Stroke Transient ischemic attacks (tiny strokes that resolve in an hour)

• cognitive decline/dementia

Complications #2- Hypertension

Renal System

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

• End-stage renal disease

Ophthalmic System

• Hypertensive retinopathy (damages blood vessels in retina)

Peripheral Vascular System

• Peripheral artery disease (PAD)

• Poor wound healing, ischemic ulcers, gangrene

Atherosclerosis

When fatty acid deposits build up in the arteries and form plaque that narrows the space for blood flow 

• high chance of blood clot

Complications- Atherosclerosis

• Ischemia

• Plaque rupture (MI, stroke)

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Blood vessels that carrying blood to the limbs and extremities become blocked, usually due to atherosclerosis

• Leads to poor circulation in the legs → pain with walking, gangrene (tissue death), and higher risk of heart attack or
  stroke

SNS- Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

• Intermittent claudication (pain due to insufficient blood flow)
• Progressive pain
• Diminished or absent peripheral pulses
• Cool, pale, shiny skin
• Non-healing ulcers

Complications- Peripheral Artery Disease

• Chronic pain & disability
• Ischemic ulcers
• Gangrene (tissue death due to lack of blood supply)
• Amputation

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)

• Valve failure → blood pooling → increased venous pressure
• Leg swelling, heaviness, brown skin, venous ulcers, ↓ quality of
life

SNS- Chronic Venous Insufficiency

• Edema
• brown Skin discoloration
• Pain/pruritus (itching)
• Ulcers

Complications- Chronic Venous Insufficiency 

• Venous stasis ulcers (open sores around ankles/feet)

• Infections
• Chronic edema
• Skin/tissue changes
• Impaired mobility, decreased quality of life

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

• Blood clot in a deep veins (veins that carry most of the blood back to the heart)
• Painful swelling, risk of pulmonary embolus (blood clots travel to lungs)

SNS- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

• Unilateral (affecting one side of the body/organ)
• Edema
• Pain
• skin redness
• Sometimes silent!

Complications- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

• Pulmonary embolism
• Post-thrombotic syndrome (valves effected by DVT don’t function properly and cause backflow into legs)
• Recurrent DVTs
• CVI