Reproductive

What makes up the female reproductive system?

A pair of ovaries, ovarioles, the bursa copulatrix, spermatheca, and accessory glands.

What are ovaries?

Primary egg-producing organs.

What is highly variable among taxa and often linked to fecundity?

Ovarioles.

What are ovarioles?

Repeated egg-production units within each ovary.

What does the bursa copulatrix do?

Receives male genitalia or spermatophore in many insects.

What is the spermatheca?

A place to store sperm after mating.

What are accessory glands (females)?

Secretions associated with egg laying or reproduction.

What does endocrine control integrate environmental conditions with?

Fecundity.

What is oogenesis regulated by?

Endocrine signals.

Where does vitellogenin production take place?

In fat body or other tissues.

Yolk Uptake:

Into developing oocytes.

What is ovarian maturation linked to?

Nutrition, age, season, and mating status.

What makes up the male reproductive system?

A pair of testes, sperm follicles, vas efferens, vas deferens, aedeagus, and accessory glands.

What are testes?

Sperm-producing organs.

What is the site of spermatogenesis?

Sperm follicles.

What is the vas efferens?

The connection from follicle or testis region.

What is the vas deferens?

Sperm transport ducts.

What does the median ejaculatory duct do?

Conducts sperm to exterior.

What is the aedeagus?

The intermittent organ for sperm transfer.

What are accessory glands (males)?

Seminal fluid, spermatophore components, and post-mating effects.

When does sperm movement through ducts occur?

Maturation and transfer.

What do accessory gland products support (male)?

Sperm viability or transfer efficiency.

What does copulation require?

Alignment of genital structures and behavior.

What is reproductive success shaped by in males?

Anatomy, physiology, and courtship.

What is external genitalia largely derived from?

Abdominal appendages of posterior segments.

Male genitalia:

Clasping, positioning, insemination, and sperm transfer.

Female genitalia:

Receiving sperm, guiding eggs, and oviposition.

What often happens to external structures when not in use?

They are often retracted.

What is an ovipositor?

A specialized egg-laying structure.

Where are eggs placed?

Plant tissue, soil, water, hosts, or concealed sites.

What does ovipositor/egg shape reflect?

Oviposition substrate.

What is common in male genitalia?

Species-specific morphology.

External genitalia has ______________ during copulation.

Mechanical fit.

What doe male genitalia have a potential role in?

Sexual selection and reproductive isolation.

What has rapid diversification compared to many other body structures?

External genitalia.