Bio 111 final

What are the seven properties of life?

Order, Reproduction, Growth and Development, Energy Processing, Response to Stimuli, Regulation, and Homeostasis.

Define 'Cell Theory.'

All living things are made of cells, and cells are the basic unit of life.

What are prokaryotes?

Simple, unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

What are eukaryotes?

Complex cells with a nucleus and organelles, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Define 'Endosymbiotic Theory.'

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as engulfed prokaryotes, leading to the evolution of eukaryotic cells.

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids.

What is the RNA World Hypothesis?

It proposes that RNA was the first self-replicating molecule, leading to the evolution of life.

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to observable traits influenced by genotype and environment.

What are prezygotic barriers?

Barriers that prevent mating or fertilization before a zygote is formed.

Define 'community' in ecology.

A community consists of all interacting species within a specific area.

What are the layers of classification in taxonomy?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Explain the concept of biological magnification.

The increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms at each successive level of the food chain.

What is a codon?

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

What defines a monophyletic group?

A group that includes an ancestor and all its descendants.

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

To synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

What does the term 'homeostasis' refer to?

The regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain stable conditions.

What are lysosomes?

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.