Basic Life Support (BLS) and CPR: Key Concepts and Procedures

what is the purpose of basic life support (BLS)

to recognize life-threatening emergencies, provide high-quality CPR, and use an AED until advanced care arrives.

what does CAB stand for in CPR sequence

compression, airway, breathing

why are chest compressions prioritized first?

They circulate oxygenated blood to the brain and heart

how long should you check for pulse and breathing

No more than 10 seconds

what pulse is checked in adults and children

carotid pulse

what pulse is checked in infants

brachial pulse

compression rate for all ages?

100-120 compressions per minute

why is full chest recoil important?

allows heart to refill with blood

adult compression depth

at least 2 inches (5cm)

Adult CPR ratio (no advanced airway)?

30 compressions to 2 breaths

hand placement for adult CPR?

two hands on the lower half of the sternum

child compression depth?

about 2 inches or 1/3 chest depth

two - rescuer CPR ratio for child?

15:2

infant compression depth?

about 1.5 inches or 1/3 chest depth

preferred two-rescuer technique for infant CPR

two-thumb encircling hands technique

when should an AED be used?

as soon as available for an unresponsive victim not breathing normally

can AEDs be used on infants?

yes, pediatric pads preferred: adult pads if unavailable. make sure pads are not touching.

what must done before AED shock deluvery?

ENsure no one is touching the victim (say clear loudly)

compression rate with advanced airway?

100-120/min continuously

ventilation rate with advanced airway

1 breath every 6 seconds

when is rescue breathing perfformed?

when the victim has a pulse but is not breathing adequately

adult rescue breathing rate?

1 breath every 5-6 seconds

child/infant rescue breathing rate?

1 breath every 3-5 seconds

best treatment for conscious choking adult or child?

abdominal thrusts

best treatment for conscious choking infant?

5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts

what should you do if a choking victim becomes unconscious

(if standing slowly lower victim to a flat surface) begin CPR and check mouth for object before breaths (never blind finger sweep)

what is the first step in any emergency?

check if the scene is safe.

what does PPE stand for

Personal Protective Equipment

why is PPE important?

Prevents disease transmission

first step to control external bleeding

direct pressure

signs of shock?

pale skin, rapid pulse, shallow breathing, confusion

first aid for shock?

lay the victim flat, keep warm, control bleeding, do not give food or drinks.

first aid for minor burns?

cool with cool running water, cover loosely

what should NOT be applied to burns?

ice, butter, ointments

definition of a third-degree burn?

burn that destroys all layers of skin

signs of a fracture?

pain, swelling, deformity, inability to move.

first aid for suspected fracture?

immobilize, apply cold,seek medical help

first step if poisoning is suspected?

call poison control

should you induce vomiting for poisoning

no

signs of stroke (FAST)

face drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time to cal 911

signs of heart attack

chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, sweating

first action for heart attack symptoms?

call 911 immediately

What is standard precautions?

treating all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious

what is the good samaritan law?

protects rescuers who provide reasonable care in emergencies

what is consent

permission to provide care

when is implied consent used?

when victim is unconscious or unable to respond