Neurology Exam 2 Study

Cerebral peduncle

At the level of the midbrain, descending corticospinal fibers form which anatomical landmark along the ventral surface?

Third ventricle

Which ventricular structure is located within the thalamus and hypothalamus?

Between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortical gray matter

Which description best identifies the location of subcortical white matter?

Lentiform nucleus

The putamen and globus pallidus together form which structure?

Foramen of Monro

CSF leaving a lateral ventricle passes through which structure immediately before entering the third ventricle?

Internal capsule

As corticospinal fibers descend from the sensorimotor cortex, which structure do they enter after passing through the corona radiata?

They are interconnected internal cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Which statement best describes the ventricles of the brain?

Masses of gray matter located deep within the cerebral hemispheres

The basal ganglia are best described as:

Medulla

Where do the majority of corticospinal fibers decussate (cross to the opposite side?)

Caudate nucleus

Which basal ganglia nucleus lies medial to the anterior limb of the internal capsule?

Pons

Which structure is a prominent bulging portion of the brainstem?

On either side of the third ventricle

The paired thalami are located:

A diffuse network of neurons running through the core of the brainstem

The reticular formation is best described as:

Amygdala

Which limbic structure is located in the temporal lobe and is associated generally with fear and anxiety?

Below the thalamus and hypothalamus

The midbrain is located immediately:

Dorsal horn

Which part of spinal cord gray matter is primarily associated with sensory processing?

Tegmentum

Which internal zone of the brainstem contains cranial nerve nuclei, the reticular formation, and ascending sensory pathways?

Diencephalon

The thalamus is part of the:

Hippocampus

Which limbic structure is located beneath the parahippocampal gyrus and is primarily associated with memory encoding and retrieval?

Colliculi

Which midbrain structures are associated with visual and auditory reflexes?

Transmit information from one location to another

What is the primary function of neurons?

GABA

Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory?

The ionic difference across the membrane at steady state

Resting potential refers to:

Schwann cells

Which cells support regeneration in the PNS?

Influx of positively charged ions

What occurs during depolarization?

Decreased likelihood of an action potential

Hyperpolarization results in:

Dopamine

Which neurotransmitter is associated with reward and movement?

MS disrupts signal conduction along axons due to demyelination, while MG impairs transmission at the neuromuscular junction (nmj) by reducing acetylcholine receptor function

Which statement best describes how multiple sclerosis (MS) and myasthenia graves (MG) affect neuronal function?

One neuron sending signals to many neurons

What is divergence in neuronal processing?

Neuroplasticity

What is the main recovery mechanism in the CNS after injury?