Pediatric Emergency Protocols: Vital Signs, Differences, and Shock Management
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29 Terms
What is the weight formula for children in kg?
Weight in kg = 8 + (age in yrs X 2)
What is the weight range for a neonate?
3 - 5 kg
What is the weight range for an infant?
6 - 9 kg
How is blood volume calculated for children?
Blood volume = 80 mL/kg
What is the blood pressure formula for ages 1 - 10?
90 + (age in yrs X 2)
What is the blood pressure formula for ages over 10?
70 + (age in yrs X 2)
What is the SBP threshold for decompensated shock in neonates?
SBP < 60
What is the SBP threshold for decompensated shock in infants?
SBP < 70
What is the SBP threshold for decompensated shock in children (1 - 10 yrs)?
SBP < 70 + (age in yrs X 2)
What is the SBP threshold for decompensated shock in adolescents?
SBP < 90
What is the normal heart rate for a neonate?
140 (+/-) 20
What is the normal heart rate for an infant?
120 (+/-) 20
What is the normal heart rate for a young child (1 - 5 yrs)?
100 (+/-) 20
What is the normal heart rate for an older child (5 - 9 yrs)?
90 (+/-) 10
What is the normal heart rate for an adolescent to adult?
80 (+/-) 20
What is the normal capillary refill time?
< 2 seconds
What is the normal urine output for children?
1 - 2 mL/kg/hr
What is the normal respiratory rate for a neonate?
30 - 50
What is the normal respiratory rate for a child (1 - 7 yrs)?
20 - 30
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adolescent to adult?
12 - 24
What is the normal tidal volume for children?
4 - 6 mL/kg
How is the ET tube size calculated for uncuffed tubes?
age (yrs)/4 + 4
How is the ET tube size calculated for cuffed tubes?
age (yrs)/4 + 3
What is the depth of insertion for ET tubes?
age (yrs)/2 + 12
What is a significant physical difference between children and adults regarding head size?
The head is a greater percentage of body surface area in children.
What emotional difference do preschoolers have regarding body image?
They fear blood.
What is a sign of respiratory distress?
Increased work of breathing.
What are signs of respiratory failure?
Shallow, ineffective respirations, low oxygen saturation, mottling, cyanosis.
What is the treatment for shock and respiratory failure?
Ensure patent airway, provide oxygenation, ventilation, CPR, and replace fluids.