Enviro Pol Retake Flashcards

Name the 6 Historical Eras

1. Pre colonial

2. Colonial and early nationhood

3. romanticism and progressive era

4. new deal era

5. modern environmentalism

6. pendulum years

Colonial and early nationhood

• Pristine, unpeopled, static

• From the Constitution (article 4, sec 3)

• Growth and criss (19th cent) —> urbanize —> romantic

Romanticism

• Rejection of: materialism, utilitarianism, economic rationality, industrial/urban society

• People are inherently good, and civilization corrupts them

• Legacy:

  • enviro movements (sierra club and wilderness society)

  • national park systems

  • wilderness areas

Progressive Era

• progress —> political parties

• prohibition

• womens suffurage

• mandatory public education

• regulation of coorps by gov (do things progressivly)

• guildford and pinchot

• principles:

  • conservation —> development

  • prevent waste

  • benefit many people (pub goods)

• Agencies (us forest and fish/wildlife)

New Deal

• stock market crash and great depression

• gov corrupt

• unemployment, food short, refugees

• dust bowl

• FDR - mew deal, conserve learning acts (public domain)

Modern Environmentalism

• increase in college educated ppl

• social movement

• enviro events (smog, mercury poision, river on fire, bald eagle, DDT)

• Rachel carson and silent springs

• Acts

  • wilderness

  • nepa

  • superfund

• enviro ngos (sierra, audubon, enviro defense, green peace)

Pendulum Years

• oil crisis

• economy VS enviro

• economicrecession

• Back in forth in enviro policies —> diff administrations push and change

What are the 3 theories of governance?

1. market based allocation

2. state based science

3. liberal pluralism

Market based allocation

• who - priv indiv, corps, buissiness owners, property owners

• logic - individuals acting in enlightened self interest

  • rational assesments

  • benefit soc as whole (allows most efficient allocation of enviro resources)

• tools:

  • producers max profits

  • consumers max utility (bang 4 buck)

  • price mechanism (hidden hand) - adjust reponse to consumer demand and producer supply (scarcity)

• result - relatovly objective, free distribution of enviro resources

• Other

  • resource substituion —> provides solution to scarcity problem

  • price increases, creates incentives to produce lower cost (fossil fuels, gases —> elec cars and alternative resources)

• Market failure

  • priv rights not well defined, enforced, or transferable

  • costs or benefits of enviro resource use does not equal accrue to the owner

  • assumption of perfect knowledge

  • happens b/c marketing/advertising can break down soc

  • scarcity and substituion

  • natural monopolies - b/c of uneven resource distrubtion accross globe

  • contradictions of capatalism (needs competition, needs regulatory intervention)

  • tradegy of the commons, short term bias (rush while theres opportunity)

  • regulatory intervention - help stop these issues

State-Based Science

• Who - gov technocrats/scientists

• how - move away from profit motive —> towards unbiased nati approach, scientific objectability and evidence to serve pub good)

• means - retaining enviro res and prop in pub domain, gov agencies to manage w science

• Enviro pol starts here!

• Failures:

  • 2 narrow focus (ignore systems)

  • rarely absoulte

  • info flow (failure to understand)

  • gov scientists - not immune to political influences

Liberal Pluralism

• who - political representatives

• how - rational political discussion and debate (goal = best serve public good)

• mechanisms/tools - legislative process

  • ideas:

    • mutual discussion - all social/politc interests are reped (“voice”), leads to incrimmental change

• Failures

  • not all interets repped

  • biased decisions (iron triangle, log rolling)

What era goes with each theory?

• market - colonal/early nationhood

• state - romantic/progressive

• liberal - modern enviro

6 steps of policy cycle

1. agenda setting - put something on agenda, start talking abt it, exec branch

2. fomulation - making

3. legitimation - interpert of stature, make real

4. implementation - put into practice

5. eval - did it do what we wanted

6. change/term - term basically never happens

2 types of Interest groups/NGOs

1. private economic - pursue non-collective benefits (for own good) ex dairy farmers

2. public non economic - pursue collective benefits ex. sierra club

6 Types of NGOs

1. mainstream (conservation of land/wildlife) (sierra club, national auduban soc, wilderness soc, nat.= wildlife federation

2. Scientific/legal - sci and law, advantage of foundational laws during mod enviro era (ex. natural resource defense council, earth justice aka sierra club legal defense council, league of conservation voters

3. direct action - strats from civil rights movements, civil disobedience (earth first, green peace)

4. land trusts - buy land from prv, transfer to state (safest route) (the nature conservacy, TNC landtrust)

5. think tanks - privitize public, no nat parks (proj 2025, heritage foundation, cato insitute)

6. industry related - american petrollium, coal council, dairy farmers

Interest group challenge (1)

Funding disparities

NGOs Role in Policy Cycle

• agenda setting - political campaign and events (press)

• formulation - info to policy makers, testify @ hearings

• legitimation - lobbying

• implementation - monitoring, volunteering, citizen science

• evaluation - citizen suits