ANPH 1001 Unit 2 Topic 2 - Articulation

Vocabulary flashcards covering the classification, structures, movements, types of synovial joints, bursae, and age-related changes of the articular system.

Articulation

A union between two or more bones that can be mobile or immobile.

Synarthroses

A functional class of immovable joints joined together, which includes sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.

Suture

A type of synarthrosis where bones are connected by a thin layer of connective tissue, such as between cranial skull bones.

Syndesmosis

A type of synarthrosis where bones are connected by ligaments, such as between the radius and ulna or the fibula and tibia.

Gomphosis

A type of synarthrosis characterized by a conical process fitting into a socket, such as teeth in the mandible.

Amphiarthroses

A functional category of joints that allow slight movement, including symphyses and synchondroses.

Symphysis

An amphiarthrodial joint connected by a disk of fibrocartilage, such as the pubic symphysis or intervertebral joints.

Synchondrosis

An amphiarthrodial joint connected by hyaline cartilage, such as ribs connecting to the sternum or growth plates between diaphysis and epiphyses.

Diarthroses (Synovial Joints)

Freely movable joints characterized by a capsule with an internal cavity containing synovial fluid, functioning in weight bearing and movement.

Flexion

A movement at a synovial joint that involves bending and decreasing the angle between bones.

Extension

A movement at a synovial joint that increases the angle between bones.

Hyperextension

Abnormal extension beyond the normal anatomical range at a synovial joint.

Abduction

A movement at a synovial joint that moves a limb away from the body.

Adduction

A movement at a synovial joint that moves a limb toward the body.

Circumduction

A movement at a synovial joint where a bone or limb describes a circle.

Rotation

A movement at a synovial joint that involves moving a bone around a central axis, such as rotating the head.

Ball-and-Socket Joint

A synovial joint where a ball-shaped head fits into a concave socket, providing the widest range of movement in all planes and directions (e.g., shoulder, hip).

Hinge Joint

A synovial joint where a convex surface fits into a concave surface, permitting flexion and extension only (e.g., knee, elbow).

Pivot Joint

A synovial joint that allows rotation in one plane, such as between the atlas and axis in the cervical spine.

Condyloid (Ellipsoidal) Joint

A synovial joint where an oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity, allowing motion in two planes at right angles (e.g., radius and carpal bones).

Saddle Joint

A synovial joint that allows motion in two planes at right angles and permits opposition of the thumb.

Gliding (Plane) Joint

A synovial joint that allows a gliding motion, such as the intervertebral joints in the spine.

Synovial Fluid

A joint fluid that nourishes articular cartilage and creates a smooth gliding surface for opposing bones.

Bursae

Closed sacs lined with a synovial membrane that help prevent friction between tissues.

Subcutaneous Bursae

A type of bursae situated between the skin and underlying bony processes.

Subfascial Bursae

A type of bursae located between overlying muscles.

Subtendinous Bursae

A type of bursae located between overlying tendons or bony projections.