Nanez, Izzy 3rd period Unit 2 flashcards

acromial

acromion (Point of shoulder)

antebranchial

forearm

antecubital

area in front of the elbow

anterior (ventral)

toward the front - belly side

anteroposterior

passing from anterior (front) toward the posterior (back) of the body

axillary

armpit

bilateral

two sides

branchial

upper arm

bucual

cheek

calcaneal

heel bone

carpal

wrist

caudal

tailbone

cephalic

head, toward the head

cephalocaudal

growth and development from the head to feet

cervical

neck

coxal

hip

cranial

skull

crural

leg, shin bone

cubital

elbow

deep

more internal, further inside the body, away from the body surface

digital

fingers or toes

distal

situated farther away from the center of the body, the trunk, or the point where a limb attached to the body

external

outer part of the body

femoral

thigh

fibular

refers to the lateral side of lower leg

frontal

forehead

genital

reproductive organs

gluteal

buttocks

inferior

positioned below or toward the feet

inguinal

groin

internal

inside the body

lateral

farther away from the midline, toward the side of the body

left

the left hand side of a person in standard anatomical position

lumbar

low back region and the 5 vertebrae between chest and sacrum

mamary

breast region

medial

toward midline or center of the body

mental

chin

metacarpal

hand bones

midline

an imaginary center line splitting the body into right and left halves

nasal

nose

occipital

back of the head

olecranal

olecranon or the bony tip/pointy part of the elbow

oral

mouth

orbital

eye or eye socket

otic

ear

palmar

palm of the hand

parietal

outer wall of a body cavity

patellar

kneecap (patella)

pectoral

chest

perineal

perineum (the patch of flesh between the penis or vulva and anus)

plantar

sole or bottom surface of the foot

popliteal

back (hollow) of the knee

posterior (dorsal)

toward the back or rear side of the body

posteroanterior

passing from the posterior (back) toward the anterior (front) of the body

Prone

lying face down with palms downward

proximal

situated nearer to the center of the body, the trunk or the point where a limb attached to the body

pubic

refers to the genital region

right

the right hand side of a person in standard anatomical position

sacral

triangular bone at the base of the spine

scapular

scapula, or shoulder blades on upper back

stenal

sternum

superficial

toward the body surface, closer to the skin

superior

positioned above or higher than another part of the body

supine

lying flat on the back with palms facing upward

sural

relating to or located in the calf

Tarsal

ankle

thoracic

chest (thorax)

umbilical

naval or belly button

unilateral

one side

vertebral

relating to the spine or backbone

visceral

internal organs

homeostasis

stable environment of physiological balance

cytology

study of formation, structure, and function of cells

organelles

specialized structures that enable specific functions

cell/plasma membrane

surrounds every cell, separating it from external environment

selective semipermeable membrane

determines what enters or leaves the cell

nucleus

controls cell, main function and reproduction

DNA (deoxyribonucleic)

responsible for each person’s unique genetic makeup

cytoplasm

semifluid material between nucleus and cell membrane, where chemical reactions occur

electolytes

compounds make up of charged particles called ions

ions

conduct electrical currents in water or cytoplasm

cations

positively charged ions that create acids

anions

negatively charged ions that create bases

PH

of a fluid measures the presence of acids and bases

muscle cells

ability to allow muscles to contract and relax

epithelial cell

flat square cell covering skin and lining the digestive tract and hollow organs

fat cells

contain large empty spaces to stone fat

nerve cells

tend to be long fibrous extensions to carry nerve impulses

blood cells

vary in size and shape according to their function

sex cells

ovum (female sex cell) largest, the sperm (male sex cell) smallest

mitosis

two genetically identical daughter cells

meiosis

cell division that produces sex cells

gametes

sperm and eggs, with ½ of usual number of chromosomes

genetics

study of ways which genes are transferred from individuals to their offspring

genetic/hereditary disorders

diseases or conditions caused by defective gene

anabolism

building up process which energy combines smaller units into a molecule

aplasia

condition which cell, tissue or organ doesn’t grow/develop normally

carcinogenesis

formation of development of cancer

endocytosis

process which substances are brought inside cell

eukaryotic

clearly defined nucleus