Biology reciation quiz (lecture 9 and 10, photosynthesis lab0

Exocytosis

The process by which material is exported out of the cell

Endocytosis

Material is taken into a cell

Endocytosis specific process

Uses receptors

Endocytosis non-specific

Takes up water and nutrients

Lysosome function

The digestive enzyme vesicle that vesicles will fuse with after endocytosis

Lysosome structure

Membrane bound vesicles with low internal pH (4.5-5.0) that contain digestive enzymes

Where do Lysosomes bud off from?

The trans face of the golgi apparatus

Primary lysosomes

new lysosome

Secondary lysosome

A primary lysosome after it fuses with an endocytic vesicle or cellular organelle

What does TB prevent from happening?

The fusion of endocytic vesicle and primary lysosome, which prevents the destruction of TB

Mitochondria structure

Double lipid bilayer membrane

Outer lipid bilayer of mitochondria

Covers the entrire organelle

Inner lipid bilayer of the membrane of the mitochondria

Is extensivley infolded (cristae)

Mitochondrial matrix

Liquid center of the mitochondria

Function of mitochondria

energy metabolism (ATP production)

Endosymbiotic theory

Complex cell parts orignated when ancient, larger cells engulffed smaller bacteria that stayed inside and formed a helpful partnership

Chloroplats structure

DLB membrane with smooth inner and outer membrane that covers the entire organelle

Thylakoid

single membrane disk

Granum

stack of thylakoids

Stroma

Liquid substance surrounding the granatas

Function of chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells

Cytoskeleton structure

A network of multple types of proteins inside of cells

Cytoskeleton function

Structural support within cells, has a role in transport within cells and helps mobile cells move

Extracellular matrix structure

A network of multiple types of proteins outside of the cell

Extracellular matrix function

provides structural support outside of cells, glues cells into higher order structures (organs), has a role in cell-cell communication

Both the ECM and cytoskeleton are…

anchored to the plasma membrane

Plasma membrane

A selectively permeable barrier that is dynamic and can adjust the chemistry of the PM and the molecules associated with the PM

Conclusion of Dr.Gorters experiment

The SA of the phospholipids is 2x the calculated SA of the cells, suggesting cell membranes are phospholipid bilayers

Peripheral protiens associated with the PM

On one side of the PM or the other, embedded or attached

Transmembrane proteins of the PM

have an intercellular domain (pokes out of the inside of the PM) and an extracellular domain (poes out of the outside of the PM)

Chloresterol

A PM associated molecule

Polysaccharides

Can be covalently bound to the phospholipids or covalently bound to other PM associated proteins

Fluid mosaic model

The PLB is like a lake and molecules are floating around in it

Conclusion of the cell fusion experiment

Proteins are laterally diffusing around the membrane, suggesting the membrane is fluid

absorption spectrum

The pattern of absorption by a substance