PRACTICAL 3

Buccinator

Action: compresses cheek

Origin: mandible

Insertion: Orbicularis oris

Depressor anguli oris

moves corners of mouth inferiorly and laterally (frowing)

Depressor labii inferioris

moves lower lip inferiorly

Levator anguli oris

moves corners of mouth superiorly and laterally

levator labii superioris

Opens lips, raises and furrows upper lip

Masseter

Action: elevates and protracts mandible

Origin: zygomatic arch

Insertion: Ramus and angle of mandible

Mentalis

Protrudes lower lip (pouting)

Nasalis

Compresses bridge and depresses tip of nose

Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)

Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead

Occipitofrontalis (occipital belly)

retracts scalp

orbicularis oculi

closes eye, produces winking, blinking, squinting

orbicularis oris

compresses and purses lips (kissing)

platysma

pulls lower lip inferiorly, tenses skin of neck

Procerus

Moves and wrinkles nose

Risorius

moves corners of lips laterally

Temporalis

Action: elevates and retracts mandible

Origin: Parietal bone

Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible

Zygomaticus major

Action: Elevates corners of mouth (smile)

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Edge of mouth

Zygomaticus minor

Action: Elevates corners of mouth (smile)

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Superior lip

Digastric

Depresses mandible and elevates hyoid bone

Levator scapulae

Elevates scapula and rotates scapula inferiorly

Mylohyoid

Action: Elevates scapula and rotes scapula inferiorly

Origin: Mandible

Insertion: Hyoid bone

Omohyoid

Action: Depresses hyoid

Origin: Scapula

Insertion: Hyoid bone

Scalenus anterior, medius, + posterior

Flexes neck, elevates ribs during forces inspiration

Splenius capitis

Extends neck (bilateral action), rotates head (unilateral action)

Sternocleidomastoid (clavicular head)

Action: flexes neck (bilateral action), lateral flexion and rotation of neck (unilateral action)

Origin: Clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone

Sternocleidomastoid (sternal head)

Action: flexes neck (bilateral action), lateral flexion and rotation of neck (unilateral action)

Origin: Manubrium of sternum

Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone

Thyrohyoid

Depresses hyoid bone and elevates larynx

Superior rectus

Action: looks superiorly

Origin: sphenoid

Insertion: superior region of eye

Inferior rectus

Action: looks inferiorly

Origin: sphenoid

Insertion: inferior region of eye

Medial rectus

Action: looks medially

Origin: sphenoid

Insertion: medial region of eye

Lateral rectus

Action: looks laterally

Origin: sphenoid

Insertion: lateral region of eye

Superior oblique

Action: looks inferiorly and laterally, top of eye rotates medially

Origin: sphenoid

Insertion: lateral region of eye

Inferior oblique

Action: looks superiorly and laterally, bottom of eye rotates medially

Origin: maxilla

Insertion: lateral region of eye

Genioglossus

Protracts toungue

Hyoglossus

depresses and retracts tongue

Palatoglossus

Elevates tongue

Styloglossus

elevates and retracts tongue

Superior, middle + inferior pharyngeal constrictors

constricts pharynx

Levator veli palatini

elevates soft palate when swallowing

tensor veli palatini

tenses soft palate when swallowing

External intercostal

Action: elevates ribs

Origin: inferior border of superior rib

Insertion: superior border of inferior rib

External oblique

Action: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen (bilateral action), lateral flexion and rotation of vertebral column (unilateral action)

Origin: Ribs 5-12

Insertion: Linea alba

Internal intercostal

Action: depresses ribs

Origin: superior border of inferior rib

Insertion: inferior border of superior rib

Internal oblique

flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen (bilateral action), lateral flexion and rotation of vertebral column (unilateral action)

Pectoralis major

Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm

Origin: clavicle, ribs, sternum

Insertion: Humerus

Pectoralis minor

Action: protraction/abduction of scapula, depresses scapula

Origin: ribs

Insertion: coracoid process of scapula

Rectus abdominis

Action: Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall

Origin: pubis

Insertion: xiphoid process of sternum, ribs 5-7

Serratus anterior

Protraction of scapula

Transversus abdominis

flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen (bilateral action), lateral flexion of vertebral column (unilateral action)

Rectus sheath

Fibrous sleeve that encloses rectus abdominis

Biceps brachii (short + long head)

Action: Flexion and supination of the forearm

Origin: Scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity of radius

Coracobrachialis

Action: Flexion and adduction of the arm

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Humerus

Deltoid

Action: Abduction of the arm

Origin: Acromial end of clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Infraspinatus

Action: Lateral rotation of the arm

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Latissimus dorsi

Extension, adduction, + medial rotation of arm

Subclavius

Action: Depress clavicle

Origin: 1st rib

Insertion: clavicle

Subscapularis

Action: Medial rotation of the arm

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: Lessor tubercle of humerus

Supraspinatus

Action: abduction of the arm

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Teres major

Action: Extension of the arm, adduction and Medial rotation of arm

Origin: Scapula

Insertion: Humerus

Teres minor

Action: Adduction and lateral rotation of arm

Origin: Scapula

Insertion: Humerus

Trapezius

Action: Elevate, depress + retract the scapula

Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes C7 - T12

Insertion: Clavicle, Acromion process, Spine of scapula

Triceps brachii (long head)

Action: extension of forearm

Origin: Scapula

Insertion: Olecranon of ulna

triceps brachii (lateral + medial heads)

Action: extension of forearm

Origin: humerus

Insertion: olecranon of ulna

Erector spinae

Extends vertebral column (bilateral action), lateral flexion of vertebral column (unilateral action)

Rhomboid major + minor

Action: elevate and retract scapula

Origin: spinous process of vertebrae

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Semispinalis capitis

Extends vertebral column (bilateral action), lateral flexion of vertebral column (unilateral action)

Serratus posterior

Elevates and depresses ribs during forced inspiration/expiration

Anconeus

Extension of forearm

Brachialis

Action: flexion of forearm

Origin: Humerus

Insertion: Ulna

Brachioradialis

Action: flexion of forearm

Origin: Humerus

Insertion: styloid process of radius

Extensor carpi radialis brevis + longus

Action: extends wrist, abducts hand

Origin: humerus

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Action: extends wrist, abducts hand

Origin: humerus

Extensor digiti minimi

Action: extends digit 5

Origin: humerus

Extensor digitorum of hand

Action: extends wrist + digits 2-5

Origin: humerus

Flexor carpi radialis

flexes wrist, abducts hand

Flexor carpi ulnaris

flexes wrist, adducts hand

flexor digitorum profundus + superficialis

flexes wrist + digits 2-5

Palmaris longus

flexes wrist

pronator quadratus + teres

pronates forearm

abductor digiti minimi of hand

abducts digit 5

abductor pollicis brevis

abducts digit 1

dorsal interosseous of hand

abducts digit 2-5

extensor pollicus brevis

extends digit 1

flexor pollicis brevis

flexes digit 1

Adductor pollicis

adducts digit 1

Gluteus maximus

Action: extend and laterally rotate thigh

Origin: iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx

Insertion: tensor fascia latae and femur

Gluteus medius

Action: abduct and medially rotate thigh

Origin: iliac crest

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Iliacus + Iliopsoas

flexes thigh

Psoas major

Action: flexes thigh

Origin: T12-L5

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Obturator internus + Piriformis

lateral rotation of thigh

Tensor fasciae latae

Abducts and medial rotates thigh

Adductor brevis + longus

Action: adducts and flexes thigh

Origin: pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera of femur

Adductor magnus

Action: adducts and flexes thigh, extends thigh, laterally rotates thigh

Origin: pubis and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Linea aspera of femur

Gracilis

Action: adducts and flexes thigh

Origin: pubis

Insertion: tibia

Pectineus

Adducts and flexes thigh

Vastus intermedius, lateralis + medialis

Action: extends leg

Origin: femur

Insertion: quadriceps tendon

Rectus femoris

Action: extends leg and flexes thigh

Origin: iliac spine

Insertion: quadriceps tendon

Sartorius

Action: flexes and rotates thigh laterally + medially

Origin: iliac spine

Insertion: tibial tuberosity

biceps femoris (long head)

Action: extends thigh and flexes leg

Origin: ischium

Insertion: fibula

biceps femoris (short head)

Action: flexes leg

Origin: femur

Insertion: fubula