PSYC6 - Chapter4

Social Psychology (14th Edition) - Myers, D., & Twenge, J. (2022)

Attitude

A psychological tendency expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor.

Cognitive Dissonance

Tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions, leading to discomfort that motivates change in attitudes or behaviors.

Self-Presentation Theory

The theory that suggests individuals express attitudes that make them appear consistent for social acceptance.

Self-Perception Theory

The theory that suggests individuals infer their own attitudes and feelings by observing their behavior and the circumstances in which they occur.

Moral Hypocrisy

The phenomenon where individuals appear moral while avoiding the costs associated with being so.

ABCs of Attitudes

The three dimensions of attitudes: Affect (feelings), Behavior tendency, and Cognition (thoughts).

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

A computer-driven assessment designed to measure implicit attitudes by analyzing the speed of associations between concepts.

Overjustification Effect

The phenomenon wherein external rewards diminish intrinsic motivation for an activity that a person already enjoys.

Selective Exposure

The tendency to seek out information that supports one’s existing beliefs while avoiding contradictory information.

Role-playing

Acting out expected behaviors associated with a specific role, influencing one’s attitudes and self-perception.

Implicit Bias

Attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner.

Dual Processing Theory

The concept that humans can think in two different ways: automatically, or through conscious, deliberate reasoning.

Theory of Planned Behavior

A theory that states that individual behavior is driven by behavioral intentions, which are influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control.

Social Influence

The effects of other people's presence or attitudes on an individual's behavior and attitudes.