Unit 1. Something to shout about

through blood, sweat and tears

through extreme hard work and intense effort (кров'ю і потом)

from rags to riches

moving from extreme poverty to great wealth (з злиднів у багатство / з Івана в пана)

using elbow grease

using vigorous physical effort or hard work (важкою працею / докладаючи фізичних зусиль)

putting your back into it

working as hard as possible on a demanding task (викладатися на повну силу)

doing the legwork

performing necessary routine or practical work (працювати із закоченими рукавами / виконувати чорнову роботу)

the going was rough

conditions were difficult and hard to endure (підйом був складним / шлях був важким)

pull yourself up by the bootstraps

improve your situation entirely by your own efforts (змусити себе до дії / витягнути себе самотужки)

need a helping hand

require assistance or support from someone else (потребувати руку допомоги)

overcome adversity

to succeed in dealing with difficult situations (подолати нещастя)

a troubled youth

a young person who experiences or causes problems (складний підліток)

ebook age

the modern era dominated by digital books (ера електронних книг)

black and white conclusions

overly simple judgements without nuance, all-or-nothing terms (однозначні висновки)

acclaimed author

a writer who is publicly recognized and praised (визнаний автор)

crushing the young

destroying the energy, hopes, or potential of youth (розчавити молодих людей)

cheap psychological tricks

deceptive mental techniques used to persuade (психологічні секрети)

stretch yourself

to test and push your own abilities to the limit (напружуватись)

cohesion between the reality and the message

consistency between actual facts and what is presented (узгодженість між реальністю та ідеєю)

guide the underprivileged onto the correct path

help poor or disadvantaged people find the right way in life (вивести обездолених на шлях істини)

rooting for

actively supporting or wishing good luck to someone (вболівати за когось)

the ghetto

a poor, overcrowded neighborhood or slum area (бідні квартали)

wearing / tiring

making you feel exhausted, bored, or impatient over time (виснажливий / той, що втомлює)

relentlessly / persistent

continuing firmly without stopping or giving up (невпинно / наполегливий)

upbeat / self-assured

confident, positive, and optimistic in attitude (життєрадісний / впевнений у собі)

direct / return / steer back

to guide or turn someone back in a specific direction (спрямовувати назад / повертати)

needy / deprived / underprivileged

lacking the necessary financial or social resources to succeed (потребуючий / знедолений / малозабезпечений)

easy way to do sth / short cuts

quicker or easier methods that bypass normal processes (легкий шлях / обхідні шляхи / легкі рішення)

engaging / inspirational

capturing interest and motivating others to achieve greatness (захоплюючий / натхненний)

bleak childhood

a cold, miserable, and hopeless early life (похмуре / важке дитинство)

self-help books

books written to guide readers on solving personal problems (книги із саморозвитку / психологічна література)

glimmer of hope

a small sign or light of possibility that things will improve (промінь надії)

Objective (goal)

something that you are trying hard to achieve, especially in business or politics (мета, прагнення, завдання)

Resolution (decision, determination)

a promise to yourself to do something (рішення, твердий намір)

Decision (conclusion, judgment)

a choice or judgment that you make after a period of discussion or thought (рішення, переконання)

Victory (achievement, triumph)

the success you achieve when you win a battle, game, election etc. (перемога)

Achievement (accomplishment, attainment)

something important that you succeed in doing by your own efforts (досягнення, здобуток, успіх)

Breakthrough (advancement, progress)

an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time (прорив, епохальне відкриття)

Values (principles, standards)

the principles and beliefs that influence the behaviour and way of life of a particular group or community (цінності)

Ethics (morals, beliefs)

1) moral rules or principles of behaviour for deciding what is right and wrong; 2) the study of the principles of right and wrong (норми поведінки, правила порядності; етика, учення про мораль)

Rights (permission)

something that you are morally or legally allowed to do or have (права)

Ambition (aspiration, longing, yearning)

a strong desire to achieve something (амбіція, прагнення, мета)

Inspiration (stimulation, motivation)

a person, experience, place etc. that gives you new ideas for something you do; a sudden feeling of enthusiasm or a new idea that helps you to do or create something (натхнення, спонукання, надихання)

Obsession (mania)

an extreme unhealthy interest in something or worry about something, which stops you from thinking about anything else (одержимість, настирлива ідея)

Luxury (abundance, lavishness, opulence, voluptuousness)

something expensive that you do not need, but you buy for pleasure and enjoyment; very great comfort and pleasure (розкіш, величезне задоволення)

Prosperity (affluence, felicity, welfare)

the situation of being successful and having a lot of money (процвітання, успіх, добробут)

Fortune (chance, luck; estate, property)

chance or luck, and the effect that it has on your life; a very large amount of money (щастя, удача, талан, фортуна, жереб; багатство, спадок, достаток)

Before (previous to, prior to, ahead of, earlier than)

earlier than something or someone; ahead of someone or something else in a list or order; used to say that one thing or person is considered more important than another (раніше, давніше, колись, перед, до, попереду, ніж)

Behind (at the back, following, after)

at or towards the back of a thing or person; not as successful or not having made as much progress as someone or something else; used to say that someone is late in doing what they have to do; used for talking about the hidden reason for something; supporting a person, idea etc. (ззаду, позаду, за, після)

Back (previous, as before, backwards)

in, into, or to the place or position where someone or something was before; in or into the condition or situation you were in before; in or towards a time in the past; once again (ззаду, позаду, назад, у зворотному напрямку, знову, осторонь)

Purpose (intention, reason, point)

what it is intended to achieve; the reasons that explain why something is needed or why it is considered in a particular way; a plan or aim; a feeling of determination to achieve things in life (мета, намір, ціль)

Object (goal, aim)

the purpose of a plan, action, or activity (мета)

Aim (plan, course, direction)

something you hope to achieve by doing something (мета, намір, прагнення, задум, ціль)

Intention (purpose, aim, target)

a plan or desire to do something (мета, намір, задум, умисел)

Direct (straight)

done without any other people, actions, processes etc. coming between; going straight from one place to another without stopping or changing direction; exact or total (прямий, відвертий, очевидний, явний, неприхований, безпосередній)

Precise (exact, accurate, defined)

exact, clear, and correct; (only before noun) used to emphasize that you are referring to an exact thing (точний, певний, пунктуальний, чіткий, ясний)

Right (correct, true)

most suitable or effective (правильний, належний, підхожий, доречний)

Exact (precise, correct, accurate)

completely correct in every detail (точний, що точно відповідний, пунктуальний, суворий)

Happen (occur, come about, take place)

when something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not planned; if something happens to someone or something, they are affected by an event (відбуватися, мати місце, траплятися)

Occur (happen, come about)

to happen, to happen or exist in a particular place or situation (траплятися, відбуватися, спадати на думку, приходити в голову)

Apply (relate, be valid, be relevant)

to make a formal request, usually written, for something such as a job, a place in a university, or permission to do something; to have an effect on or to concern a particular person, group, or situation; to use something such as a method, idea, or law in a particular situation, activity, or process (звертатися з проханням, подавати заявку, прикладати, накладати)

Agree (be of the same mind, be of the same opinion)

to have or express the same opinion about something as someone else; to make a decision with someone after a discussion with them; if two pieces of information agree with each other, they match or are the same (згоджуватися, домовлятися, відповідати чомусь, узгоджуватися, упорядковувати)

Grip (grasp, hold, grab)

to have a strong effect on someone or something (схопити, охопити, збагнути)

Catch (notice)

to make you notice something and feel interested in it (привернути увагу, збагнути, зрозуміти)

Seize (grab)

to take hold of something suddenly and violently; to quickly and eagerly do something when you have the chance to; to suddenly be affected by an extremely strong feeling (ухопитися за щось, скористатися з чогось, захопити, завоювати, охопити про страх тощо)

Strike (come to mind) - struck

if something strikes you, you think of it, notice it, or realize that it is important, interesting, true etc.; to seem to have a particular quality or feature (спадати на думку, справляти враження)

State (condition, status, position)

the physical or mental condition that someone or something is in (стан, становище, положення, форма)

Form (shape, appearance, outline)

a particular type of something that exists in many different varieties; the way something is or appears to be; a shape (форма, обрис, зовнішній вигляд, постать, статура, стан)

Presentation (appearance, arrangement)

the act of giving someone a prize or present at a formal ceremony; the way in which something is said, offered, shown, or explained to others (представлення, презентація, виклад, подання)

Condition (state, form, order)

the situation in which people live or work, especially the physical things that affect the quality of their lives; the state that something is in, especially how good or bad its physical state is (стан, становище, у множині: умови, обставини)

Get / gain control of a situation

to take power over circumstances and manage them successfully (взяти ситуацію під контроль / здобути контроль)

Get / gain / win / earn a promotion

to be raised to a higher or more important position at work (отримати підвищення по службі)

Gain / win the title

to achieve the top spot or championship in a competition or status (вибороти / здобути титул)

Win / earn sb's respect

to cause someone to feel admiration and deep regard for you (заслужити чиюсь повагу)

Gain / build / earn a reputation

to become known and recognized for a particular quality or achievement (здобути / заслужити репутацію)

Get / gain / earn the right to do/have sth

to receive official or moral authorization to act or possess something (отримати / вибороти право на щось)

Get / gain experience

to obtain knowledge or skill through doing something over time (здобути досвід)

Get / earn a salary

to receive regular fixed payment for work performed (отримувати / заробляти зарплату)

Earn one's living

to work and earn enough money to support oneself financially (заробляти собі на життя)

Get / gain / win the advantage

to achieve a superior or more favorable position over a competitor (здобути перевагу)

On the off chance

just in case or with a slight possibility (про всяк випадок / на той малоймовірний випадок)

On second thoughts

after reconsidering a decision (подумавши ще раз / після роздумів)

On a whim

impulsively or without prior planning (спонтанно / під впливом моменту)

On a budget

with a limited amount of money to spend (із обмеженим бюджетом)

On principle

due to a personal belief or moral rule (із принципів / з принципових міркувань)

On one’s own

independently or without help (самостійно / без сторонньої допомоги)

On target

progressing as planned or expected (за планом / відповідно до графіку)

On duty

actively working or performing official tasks (на службі / на чергуванні)

On purpose

intentionally or deliberately (навмисно / спеціально)

On condition that

only if a specific requirement is met (за умови, що)

Carry off (manage a victory, win)

to win or achieve something successfully (виграти, успішно подолати)

Carry on (continue)

to continue doing something without stopping (продовжувати)

Carry out (follow, perform, complete)

to perform, execute, or follow an order or plan (виконувати, втілювати в життя)

Carry over (continue to exist, spread into a new situation)

to extend or spread into a different area or time (переноситися, поширюватися на іншу сферу)

Carry sth through (manage to accomplish)

to successfully complete or achieve a difficult goal (доводити до кінця, успішно здійснювати)

Wear away (erode, destroy piece by piece, rub off)

to erode or destroy a surface gradually over time (стирати, зношувати поверхню)

Wear down (weaken gradually over time)

to weaken someone's resistance or strength step by step (поступово виснажувати, послаблювати опір)

Wear off (decrease, lose effect/feeling)

to gradually lose intensity, feeling, or effect (минати, втрачати силу, проходити)

Wear on (pass of a day)

(of time or a day) to pass slowly or tediously (повільно тягнутися про час або день)

Wear sth out (damage through use until unusable)

to use something so much that it becomes worn or ruined (зношувати до непридатності)

have the world at one's feet

to have endless opportunities available and be extremely successful (мати увесь світ коло своїх ніг / мати безмежні можливості)

be in seventh heaven

to be extremely happy and pleased (бути на сьомому небі від щастя)