Anatomy bone Vocab 2

Skull

formed by the cranium and facial bones

Cranium

 encloses & protects the brain

Facial bones

hold the eyes and attach facial muscles

Frontal bone

forms the forehead, the bone projections under the eyebrows, and the superior orbit

Parietal bones

paired, form most of the superior and lateral walls of the cranium

Sagittal suture

midline

Coronal suture

meet at frontal bone

Temporal bones

lie inferior to the parietal bones

Squamous sutures

bone markings near the temporal bone

External acoustic meatus

 leads to the eardrum & middle ear

Styloid process

 sharp, needlelike projection; neck muscle attachment

Zygomatic process

thin bridge that joins with cheekbone

Mastoid process

contains cavities (mastoid sinuses)

Jugular foramen

junction of occipital and temporal bones; allows jugular vein passage

Internal acoustic meatus

 transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII 

Carotid canal

allows carotid artery passage 

Occipital Bone

most posterior; joins the parietal bones anteriorly at the lambdoid suture

Lambdoid suture

where the occipital bone joins the parietal bones anteriorly

Foramen magnum

 the large hole at the base; allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain.  

Occipital condyles

lateral to the foramen Magnum and rest on the first vertebra of the spinal column

Sphenoid bone

butterfly-shaped bone spans the width of the skull;

Sella turcica

holds the pituitary gland in place

Foramen ovale

a large oval opening in line with the posterior end of the sella turcica

Crista galli

small, triangular bony ridge that projects upward from the middle of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone inside the skull

Cribriform plates

allow nerve fibers carrying impulses from the olfactory (smell) receptors of the nose to reach the brain

Superior and middle nasal conchae

form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Maxillae

fuse to form the upper jaw also hold the upper teeth

Maxillary bones

fuse to form the upper jaw

Alveolar margin

the lower teeth lie in this margin and the superior edge of the mandibular body

Palatine process

form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth

Sinuses

drain into nasal passages

Paranasal sinuses

amplify the sounds we make as we speak

palatine bone

 paired;  form the hard palate

Zygomatic bones

cheeckbones

Lacrimal bones

hole for tears

Nasal bones

 small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose

Vomer bone

single bone in the median line of the nasal cavity

Inferior nasal conchae

thin curved bones projecting from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Mandible

lower jaw;  largest and strongest bone of the face; forms the only freely moving joint of the skull

Hyoid bone

closely related to the mandible and temporal bones (strangulation bone)

Fontanels

fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones

Vertebral column or spine

Supports the skull; extends from skull to pelvis

Vertebrae

Intervertebral disc

Herniated discs

Primary curvatures

Secondary curvatures

Scoliosis

Kyphosis

Lordosis

Body or centrum

weight-bearing

Vertebral arch

arch formed from the joining of the laminae and pedicles

Laminae pedicles

Vertebral foramen

canal for SC

Transverse processes

2 lateral projections from vertebral arch

Spinous process

single projection of fused laminae

Superior and inferior articular processes

paired projections to form joints with other vertebrae

Cervical vertebrae

C1 to C7; forms neck region of the spine

Atlas

C1; has no body; superior regions have depressions that receive the skull; allows you to nod ‘yes’

Axis

C2; acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas and skull

Dens

  pivot point

Thoracic vertebrae

12 vertebrae; T1 - T12  

All are ‘typical’.

Larger than the cervical vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5

Massive, blocklike bodies

Short, hatchet-shaped spinous processes

Sacrum

Formed by the fusion of 5 vertebrae

Ala

 winglike projection that articulates with the hip

Median sacral Crest

fused, spinous processes 

Sacral canal

continues vertebral column

Sacral hiatus

Coccyx

formed with the fusion of 3 to 5 tiny , irregularly shaped vertebrae

Aka:  tailbone

Bony thorax thoracic cage

protects heart, lungs and major blood vessels

Sternum

breastbone  (flatbone)

Manubrium

body

Xiphoid process

Jugular notch

concave upper border of manubrium

Sternal angle

 sternal puncture

Xiphisternal joint

the point where the sternal body and xiphoid process fuse

Ribs

12 pair: form walls of the bony thorax

True ribs

first 7 pairs; attach directly to the sternum; by costal cartilage

False ribs

 next 5 pairs; attach indirectly to the sternum or NOT attached at all

Floating ribs

NO attachment