Elements of Design, Color Theory, Principles of Design - Ch. 14, 15, & 16

Line

A _____ is the most basic element of design. It forms when two dots are connected.

Horizontal Line

This type of line is parallel to the ground.

Vertical Line

This type of line is perpendicular to the ground.

Diagonal Lines

Lines that angle between horizontal and vertical.

Curved Lines

Lines that are part of a circle.

Form

_____ is the physical shape of an object.

Realistic Form

This form communicates a lifelike, traditional, and familiar feeling.

Abstract Form

This type of form rearranges or stylizes a recognizable object.

Geometric Form

This type of form uses squares, rectangles, circles and other geometric shapes.

Free Form

This type of form is random and flowing and is often found in nature.

Space

refers to the area around a form.

Mass

_____ is the amount of pattern or objects in a space. It can also refer to how crowded to empty a space appears.

High Mass

_____ refers to a space that is visually crowded.

Low Mass

____ refers to a space that is simple and sparse.

Texture

______ refers to the way a surface feels or appears to feel.

Tactile Texture

______ is the way a surface feels to the touch.

Visual Texture

_____ is a texture that you see, but cannot feel.

Color Spectrum

_____ is the full range of all existing colors.

Primary Colors

Yellow, Red, and Blue.

Secondary Colors

Orange, Green, & Violet: mix equal parts of primary colors to acheive _________.

Tertiary Colors

Yellow-Green, Blue-Green, Blue-Violet, Red-Violet, Red-Orange, Yellow-Orange: a mixture of a primary color and secondary color creates _________.

Hue

The color in its purest form.

Value

The ______ of a hue is the relative lightness or darkness of a hue.

Tint

The addition of white to a hue produces a ______.

Shade

The addition of black to a hue produces a ______.

Tone

Adding gray softens the value of a hue, which produces a ______.

Intensity

_______ refers to the brightness or dullness of a hue.

Color Scheme (Harmony)

is a pleasing combination of colors based on their respective positions on the color wheel.

Monochromatic Color Scheme

is the simplest color harmony and uses a single hue from the standard color wheel.

Complementary Color Scheme

This color harmony selects two colors that are directly opposite each other on the color wheel.

Split Complementary Color Scheme

This color harmony uses one hue with the two hues on either side of the complement.

Double Complementary Color Scheme

This color harmony selects two sets of complementary colors.

Analogous Color Scheme

This color harmony selects 3 - 5 adjoining hues on the color wheel.

Triadic Color Scheme

This color harmony uses three equally distant colors.

Proportion

is the ratio of one part to another or of one part to the whole.

Golden Mean

is the division of a line midway between one-half an one-third of its length.

Scale

refers to the realtive size of an object in relation to other objects.

Visual Weight

______ is the perception that an object weighs more or less than it really does.

Balance

_______ implies equilibrium among parts of a design.

Formal Balance

Symmetry, identical proportion and arrangement of objects on both sides of a center point.

Informal Balance

_____ creates an arrangement of different but equivalent objects on each side of a center point.

Emphasis

______ creates a center of interest or focal point in a room.

Rhythm

______ smoothly leads the eyes from one area to another in a design.

Repetition Rhythm

This type of rhythm is created by repeating an element of design, such as color, line, form, or texture.

Gradation Rhythm

This type of rhythm is created by a gradual increase or decrease of similar elements of design.

Radiation Rhythm

This type of rhythm has a central point where lines flow outward.

Opposition Rhythm

Lines meet to form right angles with this type of rhythm.

Transition Rhythm

Curved and horizontal lines that carry the eyes from one part of an object or room to another part creates this type of rhythm.

Harmony

_____ is an agreement among the parts. Utilizing the elements of design effectively according ot the principles of design creates this.