AP Comp Sci Principles Vocab

binary number

a value expressed in the 2-base numeral system; uses 0 and 1

bit

one digit of the binary system

byte

8 bits

overflow error

an error when a number is too big for the amount of bits; resets

abstraction

process of hiding a complicated background to focus on simple idea (like how a car works, but you still drive it)

sampling

process of converting analog data to digital data

analog data

continuous data like painting a picture

digital data

data made up of 1s and 0s for computers to process, not continuous

lossy compression

a date reduction method that removes unneeded details to make files smaller

lossless compression

data compression method that shrinks file sizes by removing statistical redundancy

intellectual property

intangible digital creations like software code that are legally owned and protected

creative commons

public copyright license that lets creators decide how people can use their work

computing device

a machine that can run a program, like a computer

computing system

a group of computing devices working for a common purpose

computing network

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

path

the series of connections computing devices starting with a sender and ending with a receiver

bandwidth

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually in bits per second

protocol

an established set of rules for formatting and processing data

fault tolerance

the ability of a system to continue operating when one or more of the components fail

redundancy

adding extra components to a system so it keeps working if a failure occurs

ip address

unique numerical label assigned to every device connected to the internet

router

a networking device that forwards data in packets between different computer networks; directs internet traffic

packet

small unit of data that files/messages are broken into before being sent across the internet

TCP

transmission-control protocol; ensures reliable, ordered, error-checked delivery of data over a network

UDP

user datagram protocol; that prioritizes sending data over a network at high speeds rather than accuracy

DNS

domain name system; translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses; phonebook

HTTP

protocol that allows browsers and web servers to exchange data on the WWW'; get requests

digital divide

the gap between people who have access to tech, internet, and digital literacy training and those who do not

user interface

space where humans and computers interact; elements you use to control a device, app, website

input/output

input is any signal received by a computer system while output is the processed result sent out by the system