L18 (TCA)

anaerobic respiration

Pyruvate is turned into lactate with lactate dehydrogenase, NADH to NAD+, this occurs when theres no oxygen or mitochondria

metabolic acidosis

the production of lactic acid. breakdown of atp produces free protons which binf to the lactate that was produced in excess from anaerobic.

cori cycle

excess lactace enters blood and goes to liver. turned back into glucose w gluconeogenesis. (uses 6 ATP)

PDC

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, 3 enzymatic subunits. converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. requires 5 cofactors: TPP, Lipoamide, FAD (prosthetic groups, bound and dont leave), CoA, NAD (coenzyme, donates leavses and is regenerated)

PDC Process

E1: Decorboxylates pyruvate, E2:idk, E3: reduction

Product inhihibition

ATP ⊣ PDC, Acetyl CoA⊣ E2, NADH ⊣ E3, pyruvate ⊣ PK⊣ glycolysis

PDC PTM

PD Kinase phosphorylates and inactivates, Phosphotase dephosphorylatyes activates

Allosteric control

PD kinase by acetyl CoA, NADH, pyruvate and ADP.

Ca2+ stimulates PD phosphatase (and PDC activity).

TCA cycle step 1

Oxidative decarboxylation

Acetyl-CoA (2C) combines with oxaloacetate (4C) to produce citrate (6C)

TCA cycle produces

6 NADH, 2 FADH, 2 GTPand 4 CO2 per glucose molecule.

TCA regulation

Low energy and calcium stimulate the cycle.

High energy, reduced coenzymes or products inhibit the cycle