ECH 2230

Women's Human Rights/Gender Equality

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Commitments by countries to protect and promote women's and girls' rights and equality, covering areas like education, employment, healthcare, marriage, family life, violence, non-discrimination, and participation in public life.

Soft Law

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Women, Peace and Security Agenda

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Rights of Indigenous Peoples

169.

Racism

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Right to Housing

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Right to Health

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National Security and Prohibition on Torture

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Freedom of Opinion and Expression

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Business and Human Rights

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International Justice

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Complementarity

The principle that the International Criminal Court (ICC) assumes jurisdiction only if states fail to pursue justice.

Universal jurisdiction

The concept that allows prosecution by any state regardless of where the crime occurred or the nationality of the victims or perpetrators.

Technology and human rights

Maximizing benefits, preventing harms, and addressing issues like privacy, data protection, discrimination, racism, and sexism in relation to artificial intelligence.

Climate crisis and human rights

The intersection of human rights and climate change, including the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment.

Nature of human rights obligations

The three-part framework of respect, protect, and fulfill that states must adhere to in ensuring human rights.

Key human rights instruments

Including the International Bill of Human Rights, 7 key treaties, 9 optional protocols, and soft law instruments like the UN DRIP and Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.

Main human rights bodies

Such as the Human Rights Council, with its special procedures, Universal Periodic Review, and Treaty bodies/committees for periodic reviews, individual complaints, and general comments.

IHRL universality

The universal nature of International Human Rights Law in terms of its reach, relevance to all aspects of society, and responsiveness to regional, local, and cultural realities.

IHRL evolution

The dynamic nature of IHRL, including recent developments in areas like Indigenous peoples' rights, enforced disappearances, and the rights of persons with disabilities.

IHRL impact

The influence of IHRL on states, the existence of binding mechanisms like regional courts and the ICC, and its expanding scope beyond states for advocacy and public education.

IHRL challenges

Issues such as under-resourcing, politicization, relevance to modern challenges, enforcement gaps, and increased risks faced by human rights defenders.

IHRL advocacy

The need for determined and creative advocacy to address human rights challenges effectively.