CLAS170 C4

What were the main goals of the Greek poleis during the Classical Period?

Autonomia (self-governance), eleutheria (freedom), and autarkheia (self-sufficiency).

What years did the Persian invasions of Greece occur?

492, 490, and 480-479 BC.

Who was the Persian king that sought to overthrow the Athenians?

King Darius.

What significant battle did the Athenians win with help from Plataea?

The Battle of Marathon.

Who prepared a second invasion of Greece after Darius's death?

Xerxes, Darius's son.

What was the size of Xerxes's army during the second invasion?

300,000 soldiers.

Which two city-states united to fight against the Persian invasion?

Athens and Sparta.

What was the role of Themistocles in Athenian naval strategy?

He ordered the construction of 100 ships using silver from Laconia.

What happened to Athens during the Persian invasion of 480?

The Persians sacked Athens and burned buildings.

What was the Delian League?

An Athenian alliance formed after the Persian Wars to drive out Persian forces.

What shift occurred in Athenian policy in the 450s regarding the Delian League?

Athens became more militaristic, demanding ships, men, and eventually money from its allies.

What was the significance of the Battle of Marathon?

It was a major victory for Athens and symbolized their strength against the Persians.

Who established a radical democracy in Athens?

Pericles.

What was the Hellenic League?

A coalition of about 30 Greek poleis united against Persia.

What characterized the Peloponnesian League?

It was a less formal organization of allies led by Sparta after breaking from the Hellenic League.

What are kleruchies?

Islands owned by Athenian citizens but worked by local islanders, providing income for Athenians.

What was the Peloponnesian War?

A conflict from 431-404 BC between Athens and Sparta, resulting in a Spartan victory.

What was the outcome of the Peloponnesian War?

Sparta established its own empire, and nothing significant was achieved by either side.

How did the Persian Wars contribute to a sense of 'Greekness'?

They united the Greek city-states against a common enemy, fostering a shared identity.