Memory - AP Psychology

Who pioneered the scientific study of memory

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Who discovered the learning and forgetting curve

Hermann Ebbinghaus

What are the 3 ways of testing memory?

Recall, cued recall, and recognition

A free response question on a test is an example of what type of memory testing?

recall

Using a hint when answering a question is an example of what type of memory testing?

cued recall

answering a multiple choice question on a test is an example of what type of memory testing?

recognition

What are the three stages to forming memories?

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

What does the encoding step do for forming memories?

decides whether to keep or toss the information

What does the storage step do for forming memories?

it files and maintains the kept information

What does the retrieval step do for forming memories?

finding the memories within your brain

True or False: you are more likely to remember the 1st thing on a list

true

True or False: you are more likely to forget the last item on a list

false

true or false: you can remember items in the middle of a list better than the beginning or end

false

What are the three types of memory storage?

sensory, short term, and long term

Term for the split second holding tank for ALL sensory information

Sensory memory

not being able to feel your undergarment is an example of what type of memory storage?

sensory memory

What are the two types of sensory storage

Iconic and Echoic memory

What is Iconic memory in correlation to?

your eyesight

what is echoic memory in correlation to?

your hearing

term for temporary memory

short term memory

About how long does your short term memory last?

20 seconds

How many pieces of information can your short term memory hold?

7 (plus or minus 2)

How can you improve your short term memory?

chunking

phone numbers are an example of what type of short term memory tactic

chunking

Emoni has a hard time studying chemistry and math together because of __________

Acoustic memory

term for memory that is permanent and can last a life time

long term memory

how much information can you hold in your long term memory?

infinite

Two types of long term memory

Implicit and Explicit

type of memory where it is procedural and requires no conscious recall

implicit

remembering how to walk is an example of what type of memory

implicit memory

memory requiring conscious recall

explicit

what are the two types of explicit memory

sematic and episodic

term for memories involving facts and knowledge

sematic memory

term for memory involving stories and lived experiences

episodic memory

term for a memory aid involving imagery or organizational deivces (acronyms like PEMDAS)

mnemonic devices

placing note cards in your room to correlate with information

method of loci

relating objects with information (memory palace)

peg method

Theory stating that you retrieve memories better if you form more associations at the time of learing

Level of processing theory

Theory stating that recall is better when you are in the same state you were in while learning

Context-dependent theory

Principle stating that association made while learning are the strongest for retrieval cues

Encoding Specificity Principle

Term for when you create new information/memories while trying to retrieve one

reconstructive memory

Term for the formation of false memories due to neurological or psychological dysfunction (out of date information)

confabulation

A disorder found in alcoholics that creates unrealistic memories/confabulations

Korsakoff Syndrome

Term for when previous material blocks out the ability to learn new material

Proactive forgetting