Chapter 2 Pysch

How many chromosomes does a human have?

46

How many genes does a human have?

3000+

What % DNA do all humans share?

99%

What 2 types of communications do neurons use?

Electrical
Chemical

What is Plato known for?

biology

Genetics

“Nature”

What is Aristole known for?

environment

experiences

“Nurture”

What is a neuron?

they are nerve cells

What does Dendrites do?

roots, takes information

What does Axons do?

Electrical Impulse

What does Myelin Sheath do?

Insulation to travel faster

How do neurons communicate?

by neurotransmitters, chemical communications, synaptic cleft

What parts do Central Nervous system handle?

Brain and Spinal Cord

What part does Peripheral nervous system handle?

nerves

What are the parts of the nervous system?

Sensory Neurons (senses)

Motor Neurons (motion)

Interneurons (processes the information)

What does Somatic Nervous System handle?

Skeletal Nervous system movement

What does Autonomic Nervous System Handle?

Internal Organs and Glands
(Unconscious internal organ control)

What does Sympathetic Nervous System Handle?

Excitement

What does Parasympathetic Nervous System Handle?

Calmness

Can Parasympathetic and Sympathetic work together?

YES

A cerebral cortex does what?

Outer part, bumps
Higher brain functions, Personality

A corpus callosum does what?

-middle part
- Connects the left and the right

What are the 4 lobes?

1. Frontal lobe (front)

2. Temporal Lobe (sides)

3. Parietal lobe (top)

4. Occipital lobe (back)

What is the frontal lobe known for?

(front) Personality, reasoning, motor control, emotion, language

What is the Parietal lobe known for?

(top) Sensory Info (touch, temp, pain)

What is Occipital Lobe known for?

(back) Visual Information

What is Temporal Lobe known for?

(sides) Hearing, memory, emotion, language

What does Thalamus do?

sensory relay (smell)

What does Cerebellum do?

Balance, Coordination

What does Limbic system do?

smell

What does Hippocampus do?

Learning and memory

What does Amygdala do?

Emotion and memory

What does a Hypothalamus do?

Nervous system → endocrine system

Explain Sensation?

detecting sensory info

Explain Perception?

How sensory info is interpreted

Explain Transduction?

eyes see light waves, (translation)

What is Absolute Threshold?

minimum stimulus energy needed to be detected at least 50% of the time.

What is Subliminal messages?

below threshold of conscious awareness

What is Difference threshold?

(JND) Just noticeable difference, minimum difference in stimulus energies needed to be detected at least 50% of the time

What is Bottom-up processing?

when sensation goes to the brain
sensation → brain

What is Top-down processing?

when knowledge/experiences/ thoughts travel down to the brain

What is Sensory Adaptation?

diminished (decreasing) sensitivity due to constant stimulation.

What is Inattentional Blindness?

Failure to notice something due to lack of attention.
change blindness→ when we don’t know it changes

What is Gestalt Psychology?

the whole is different than the sum of its parts

What are Gestalt Principles of Perceptions

1. Figure-ground

2. proximity

3. similarity

4. continuity

5. closure

6. 
   

What is Congintion?

Thinking

knowledge
Perception
Language
memory
judgement
problem solving

What is a concept?

category or grouping

What is a Prototype?

Best example of a concept, used to form concepts.

Explain Trial and Error?

multiple solutions tried until correct one is found

what is a Algorithm?

A guaranteed solution but slow

What is a Heuristic?

Fast but mistakes can be made

What is Mental Set?

When using old solutions unsuccessfully

What is Functional Fixedness (not very creative)?

Objects only used for their intended purpose

What is a Confirmation Bias?

(listen to my idea, not anyone else)

focusing on confirming evidence & ignoring contrary

What is Hindsight Bias?

“ I knew it was going to happen” (reallly?)

What is Availability Heuristic?

Decision based on readily available info