Pathogenic Bacteriology: Exam 2

Which host cell protein is modified by cholera toxin?

Gs

Which host cell protein is the substrate for the LTI toxin (labile enterotoxin) of ETEC?

Gs

Treatment of cholera around the world most often consists of:

Hydration therapy

Which species of Vibrio causes infections associated with people with liver disease?

Vibrio vulnificus

The initial attachment of EPEC to the host cell is via this:

Bundle forming pilus

S. pyogenes M protein binds which protein found in blood?

IgG

This is a superficial skin infection caused by S. pyogenes

Impetigo

What organ in the body suffers the greatest damage during an episode of glomerulonephritis?

Kidneys

One virulence factor produced by S. pyogenes is a enzyme that results in the cleavage of plasminogen to plasmin:

Streptokinase

Which of the following is NOT a direct complication of a S. pyogenes infection?

Rheumatic fever

What toxin was responsible for toxic shock syndrome caused by S. aureus that was associated with the use of tampons?

TSST-1

Exfoliative toxin is associated with which disease syndrome caused by S. aureus?

Scalded skin syndrome

What Staphylococcal virulence factor can bind to the Fc portion of an antibody?

Protein A

The highest level of colonization of the human body by S. aureus occurs here:

Nose

S. aureus food poisoning can always be prevented by cooking the food that has been contaminated with the toxin:

False

Why was the purA gene included in the plasmid used for IVET?

Salmonella cannot live in mice unless it has purA

The main genetic construct used for signature-tagged mutagenesis is a:

Transposon

What is the color of a lacZ+ strain of E. coli or Salmonella on an X-gal plate?

Blue

Which molecule is the usual starting point for a reverse genetics approach?

Protein

Microarrays are designed to measure the levels of this in the bacterial cell?

mRNA

This bacteria is commonly found on the skin and is associated with infections caused by catheters that penetrate the skin?

Staphylococcus epidermidis

In the original IVET method, bacteria were isolated from the mouse spleen after infection with strains of S. typimurium carrying the insertions of the IVET plasmid. How were the bacteria introduced into the mouse in the first place (i.e. how were the mouse infected?)

The bacteria were injected into the bloodstream

In the signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) procedure, non-virulent mutants are recovered alive from the mouse spleen:

False

In a 2d gel, in which SDS-PAGE is run from the top of the gel to the bottom, where would a very large protein be found?

At the top

This enzyme is important in the procedure to set up in vitro analysis of DNA microarrays in order to examine the level of transcription of genes in a bacterium:

Reverse transcriptase

LTI is an A-B toxin. How many copies of the A subunit are present in the complete toxin?

1

Cholera toxing is an A-B toxin. How many copies of the A sububit are present in the complete toxin?

1

LTI is an A-B toxin. How many copies of the B subunit are present in the complete toxin?

5

Cholera toxin is a A-B toxin. How many copies of the B subunit are present in the complete toxin?

5

In EPEC infections, the bacteria end up on a pedestal-like structure. What bacterial derived protein acts as the nucleartion site for actin polymerization in the host cell (hint: remember the film shown in lecture on pedestal formation)

Tir

Which age group is most likely to suffer from hemolytic uremic syndrome after eating contaminated food containing E. coli O157:H7?

10-12 years (young children)

What is the substrate of the Shiga toxin like toxin (Stx) produced by EHEC strains?

28s RNA

Pyelonephritis is an infection of the:

Kidneys

Uropathogenic E. coli strains readily colonize the intestinal tract:

False

Which molecule acts as the host cell receptor for ETEC heat labile enterotoxin LT-1?

Ganglioside GM1

When using a DNA microarray to determine the expression level of all the bacterial genes, the starting material isolated from the bacterium must be:

mRNA

For a protein to be used to identify a gene on the chromosome, this must be determined:

The amino acid sequence of the protein

Which of the following virotypes causes bloody diarrhea (dynsentery)?

EHEC

The EHEC virotype of E. coli is very closely related to this virotype, except that EHEC makes a shiga-like toxin:

EPEC

In order to cause meningitis, E. coli must be able to do this:

Cross the blood-brain barrier

Which virotype of E. coli is most often associated with traveler's diarrhea?

ETEC

If you bought a hamburger at a fast food restaurant, what reliable method could you use to determine if it might contaminated with live O157:H7 E. coli?

Ask the counter worker how long their cook their burgers

The mechanism for entry of Salmonella into host epithelial cells is called:

Macropinocytosis

S. typhimurium kills an infected host cell by:

Apoptosis

Which S. typhimurium pathogenicity island is most important during the INITIAL part of the infection?

SPI1

Shigella can live and multiply in this type of immune cell:

Macrophage

This is a superficial skin infection of the face caused by S. pyogenes?

Erysipelas

What organ in the body suffers the greatest damage during an episode of rheumatic fever?

Heart

This protein aids in Shigella in moving within the cytoplasm of host cells:

IcsA

This Shigella protein induces apoptosis in macrophages by binding to the Il-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE):

IpaB

Which immune cell is most responsible for clearing Shigella infection from the intestine:

PMNs

Salmonella typhi infects mice and causes a disease similar to typhoid fever in humans?

False

What molecule does the host cell protein Gs bind in its normal function as a regulatory protein?

GTP

Which of these states has the highest frequency (cases per person) of Vibrio vulnifucus infections?

Louisiana

Salmonella typhi differs from other Salmonella strains in that it alone possesses which of these virulence factors?

Vi antigen

Which phage infected the V cholera strain El Tor first?

TCP phage

Which phage infected the V. cholera strain El Tor second?

CTX phage?

Which occupation has members that are most often infected with Vibrio vulnificus?

Oyster fisherman

S. pyogenes M protein binds which domain in the IgG molecule?

Fc

Which of the following compounds are found on the surface of S. pyogenes AND human tissues?

Hyaluronic acid

A family of virulence factors found in S. typhimurium which are needed for survival inside macrophages are called:

spv genes

What serotype of cholera has been responsible for yearly epidemics in the Indian subcontinent for centuries?

O1

What two types of cholera are within the O1 serotype?

Classical; El tor

What bloodtype of group are predisposed to develop more serious cholera?

O+

To use pulse field gel electrophoresis to track the epidemiology of a food poisoning outbreak, chromosomal DNA is first treated with this type of enzyme?

Restriction endonucleases

What proteins of Staphylococcus allow it to invade epithelial and endothelial cells and to attache= to exposed fibronecting in wounds?

FnbpA and FnbpB

What hereditary defect children which affects neutrophils causes them to have worse Staphylococcal infections?

Chronic granulomatous disease

What staphylococcal toxin is particularly effective at damaging PMNs?

Panton-Valentine leukocidin

What two GAS proteins are responsible for the hemolysis of RBCs?

Streptolysin S and Streptolysin O

What streptococcal toxins are responsible for scarlet fever?

SPE A, B, and C

What streptococcal superantigen is responsible for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome?

SPE A

What are nonsuppurative complications of pharyngitis?

Acute rheumatic fever

What group of streptococcus is screened for in pregnant women?

Group B Strep

What is group B strep responsible for in infants?

Neonatal sepsis and meningitis

What unique group does EAggEC infect?

AIDS patients

How do Shigella reach the lower portion of intestinal cells?

By invading M cells

What does Vibrio use to stick to each other and form micro colonies?

tcp pili

What protein serves as an adherance and virulence factor for E. faecalis?

Esp

What type off vaccine is the 23 valent strep pneumo vaccine?

Polysaccharide

What type of vaccine is the 7 valent and 13 valent strep pneumo vaccine?

Protein conjugate

What do both E. faecium and E. faecalis create as a virulence factor while they're in the bloodstream?

Superoxide

What pathogenicity island is associated with macrophage survival in Salmonella?

SPI2