patho test 3

Micropenis

Abnormally small penis size, defined as less than 1.9 cm in newborns.

Urethral Valves

Thin mucosal membrane obstructing urinary flow, preventing normal urination in children.

Hypospadias

Urethral opening located on the ventral (underside) surface of the penis.

Priapism

Painful, persistent erection requiring immediate medical attention.

Phimosis

Inability to retract the foreskin.

Paraphimosis

Foreskin trapped behind the glans, preventing its return to normal position.

Peyronie Disease

Causes penile curvature due to fibrous plaque formation on the corpora cavernosa.

Erectile Dysfunction

Inability to achieve or maintain sufficient erection for satisfactory sexual performance.

Cryptorchidism

Hidden testis, where a testis is located outside its normal scrotal position.

Hydrocele

Fluid surrounding the testicle.

Testicular Torsion

Twisting of the spermatic cord, compromising the blood supply to the testis.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Glandular hyperplasia around the prostatic urethra, leading to potential urinary obstruction.

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate that can be acute or chronic.

Cervical Cancer

Neoplasm of cervix, often detected by the Pap test, primarily caused by HPV.

Endometriosis

Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity.

Amenorrhea

Absence of menstruation in females aged 16 or older, classified into primary and secondary.

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation that limits normal activities.

Uterine Prolapse

Sinking of the uterus from its normal position.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Acute, subacute, recurrent or chronic infection of reproductive organs.

Ovarian Cysts

Fluid or semisolid sacs on the ovary, including Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).

Fournier Gangrene

Rare but severe gangrenous necrosis of the scrotum.

Syphilis

Systemic infection caused by Treponema pallidum with multiple clinical stages.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Viral infection with over 100 types, 40+ types infect the genital region, linked to cervical cancer.

Genetic Counseling

Guidance for individuals with family histories or known genetic disorders.

Meiosis

Cell division that produces unique haploid sex cells from diploid cells.

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Include aneuploidy, translocations, inversions, deletions, and duplications.