Thẻ ghi nhớ: U2 Gap filling

1. __________ refers to the factors that influence the behavior of workers towards achieving business goals.

Motivation

2. The enjoyment and pleasure a worker gets from feeling that they have done a good job is known as __________.

Job satisfaction

3. In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, basic survival requirements such as food, water, air, and sleep are classified as __________.

physiological needs

4. Protection from physical danger, stable income, and job security satisfy an employee's __________.

safety needs

5. The desire to belong to a group, build friendships, and have good relationships with colleagues fulfills __________.

social needs

6. Receiving praise, respect, status, and recognition from managers and peers satisfies an individual's __________.

esteem needs

7. The highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, which is the desire to develop one's full potential and engage in creative work, is __________.

self-actualization

8. According to Maslow, physiological and safety needs are considered __________ because they are satisfied mainly externally.

lower-order needs

9. Social, esteem, and self-actualization needs are categorized as __________ because they are generally satisfied internally within an individual.

higher-order needs

10. __________ presents a pessimistic view of employees, assuming that workers dislike work, avoid responsibility, and require close supervision.

Theory X

11. __________ presents an optimistic view of workers, assuming that employees are naturally self-motivated, ambitious, and creative when given proper conditions.

Theory Y

12. Under Theory X, management typically adopts a(n) __________ style, relying on strict rules, close control, and threats.

authoritarian

13. Theory Y management favors a __________ approach, distributing authority and encouraging workers to participate in decision-making.

decentralized

14. In Herzberg's theory, extrinsic workplace factors like pay, company policies, and working conditions that prevent dissatisfaction are called __________.

hygiene factors

15. Factors related to the content of the job itself—such as achievement, recognition, and responsibility—that create positive motivation are called __________.

motivators

16. __________ involves moving employees periodically from one job or task to another to reduce monotony and broaden experience.

Job rotation

17. Combining or adding extra tasks of a similar level to a job to increase task scope and variety is known as __________.

Job enlargement

18. Redesigning a job by adding tasks that require higher skill, responsibility, and autonomy to make work more meaningful is called __________.

Job enrichment

19. The extent to which a job requires an employee to use a range of different activities and skills is called __________.

Skill variety

20. The degree to which a job allows an employee to complete an identifiable, whole piece of work from start to finish is known as __________.

Task identity

21. The degree to which a job has a visible and meaningful impact on other people or the organization is __________.

Task significance

22. Giving employees freedom and discretion in scheduling their work and determining how to carry it out is referred to as __________.

Autonomy

23. Receiving clear and direct information about the effectiveness of one's performance is known as __________.

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