The Movement System Quizzes

A muscle spindle senses muscle stretch during a movement (True or False)

True

The A band spans the length of the myosin and shortens with muscle contraction (True or False)

False

A thin layer of connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle is called?

Epimysium

The axial skeleton is made up of which bones?

Skull, ribcage, and vertebrae

Which layer of connective tissue surrounds one muscle fascicle?

Perimysium

Air and CO2 are exchanged with the capillaries in the lungs through which respiratory system tissue?

Alveoli

What is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to regulate muscle contraction?

Calcium

From the vena cava, blood enters what chamber of the heart?

Right Atrium

Based on the sliding-filament theory, which of the following two substances are needed inside of muscle fibers for muscle contraction to occur?

Calcium and ATP

Which of the following is an accurate description of a motor unit?

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

Maximal oxygen uptake is most influenced by which of the following?

The ability of the heart and circulatory system to transport oxygen

Which of the following respiratory responses occur during aerobic training bout?

Increased minute ventilation

Which cardiovascular response does not occur during a resistance exercise bout?

Decreased heart rate

Mitochondria density ___ with aerobic endurance training and an increase in Type 1 muscle fibers

increases

Which rotator cuff muscle is responsible for abduction of the shoulder joint?

Supraspinatus

Which of the following proprioceptors is responsible for autogenic inhibition (the inhibitory stress-relaxation response) of a stretched muscle?

Golgi tendon organs (GTO)

What is a first-class lever and which muscle group represents one? 

Triceps - the fulcrum is between the line of pull and the load

Which anatomical description is accurate? 

The elbow is distal to the glenohumeral joint

The Pull-up is correctly defined as

Frontal plane closed chain

Which muscle has a greater mechanical advantage? Bicep with a moment arm of resistance of 30cm and moment arm of muscle 3cm, or triceps with a moment arm of resistance of 35cm and moment arm of muscle 3cm?

Bicep

Which of the following refers to how many motor units are involved in a muscle contraction? 

Recruitment

Ben accelerates a 100kg barbell at 1m/s², Sean accelerates a 90kg barbell at 2m/s², which athlete produced more force? 

Ben

Which athlete did more work? Sophia did a clean pull lifting the barbell 1.2 meters with 800N of force. Mia lifted the barbell 1.4 meters with 650N of force.

Sophia

Did Julie or Alexis produce more power? Alexis did a jerk with 60KG producing 400J of work. Her jerk took 0.25 seconds. Julie did a push press with 70KG producing 500J of work in 0.5 seconds. Which athlete produced more power? 

Alexis

Which muscle works with the latissimus dorsi to internally rotate, adduct, and extend the humerus?

Teres Major

What is the primary combined function of the infraspinatus and teres minor during dynamic shoulder movements? 

External rotation and posterior stabilization of the humeral head


Gravity on the surface of the moon is about 1/6 that on the surface of earth. Considering a kettlebell, labeled 30 kilograms (66lb), what would using the kettlebell feel like on the surface of the moon?

5kg (11lb)

In the sliding-filament theory, what is the third contractile element used in muscle contraction?

Titin

What class of lever is the lead forearm in a baseball pitch at ball release?

third class lever

For a system wide view of an athlete, which of the following aspects of fitness and performance is the most relevant?

impulse

A sidestepping (cutting movement involves ankle, knee, and hip movement primarily in which of the following anatomical planes?

frontal

Which energy system is described appropriately?

Phosphagen System - less than 10 seconds of work, using 90-100% max power

What is the difference between pyruvate and lactate?

Lactate comes from glucose in anaerobic glycolysis whereas pyruvate comes from glucose in aerobic glycolysis

What is beta oxidation?

Catabolic Process of Fatty Acid breaking down

What is the primary energy substrate for American football?

Carbs

A work to rest ratio of 1:3-1:5 is most appropriate for which energy system? 

Fast Glycolysis

Which of the following is NOT a factor responsible for EPOC? 

Increased post activation excitation contraction coupling

An athlete reports that their urine is particularly dark in color and smells like ammonia. They also report feeling more fatigued after their last few days of training. This could be an indication of what?

Excess reliance on protein oxidation as a fuel source

Lactate threshold of an untrained athlete typically begins at 50-60% of maximal oxygen uptake. By contrast, lactate threshold of an aerobic athlete is typically what percentage of maximal oxygen uptake?

70-80%

Which of the following best describes the role of lactate during development of peripheral muscle fatigue?

Lactate is a by-product of when pyruvate is catalyzed, and although metabolic acidosis has a prominent role in muscle fatigue, other factors such as uncreased interstitial K+ concentration and Pi that impairs calcium release have been reported to play a role in the development of peripheral fatigue.

What is the correct net reaction summary for glycolysis when pyruvate is converted to lactate?

Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP —> 2Lactate + 2ATP + H2O

Metabolism is the total of which four reactions?

Catabolic, anabolic, exergonic, and endogonic

Which enzyme is the most important regulator of glycolysis and why?

Phosphofructokinase, because it is a rate-limiting step

During exercise what are the primary and secondary determinants for which energy system is the primary contributing system?

Primary: intensity , secondary: duration

Which of the following hormones promotes glucose sparing by increasing lipolysis?

Growth Hormone

Which of the following is an anabolic hormone that stimulates muscle protein synthesis, increases neurotransmitters, and has an anti-catabolic effect?

Testosterone

Which of the following hormones are released at high heart rates during intense exercise to stimulate the fight or flight response, increase blood flow to muscles, and increase glycogen breakdown?

Catecholamines

Which of the following hormones bind to androgen receptors?

Testosterone

It takes 8-24 hours for which hormone to be produced and released from the liver following stimulation by growth hormone?

IGF-1

Which series of exercises is likely to result in the largest anabolic hormone response? 

Barbell Squat, Hang clean, Deadlift

A training protocol involving 3 sets with 10RM loads and a 1 minute rest period was showed the most dramatic increase in which hormone? 

Growth Hormone

Which hormone has a significant catabolic role stimulating the conversion of amino acids into carbohydrate as well as increasing the levels of proteolytic enzymes that break down proteins and inhibit protein synthesis? 

Cortisol

Which neuromuscular phenomenon occurs when there is an increase or maintenance of muscular strength of an untrained limb when training the contralateral limb?

Cross-education

In context of resistance training, which hormone is primarily responsible for initiating muscle repair and growth by binding to specific receptors in muscle cells and promoting protein synthesis?

Insulin-like growth factor-1

Which of the following best describes the role of binding proteins in hormone activity during resistance training?

They extend the half-life of hormones in the bloodstream, enhancing their availability and effect.

How does testosterone primarily enhance muscle growth during resistance training?

By binding to androgen receptors and initiating signaling pathways that enhance gene expressions for muscle hypertrophy.

What is the primary effect of growth hormone on muscle tissue during resistance training?

It increases the production of the 22kD GH isoform, which is crucial for stimulating protein synthesis

How does cortisol function in the context of resistance training?

Elevated cortisol levels from resistance training primarily enhance immediate energy availability and help in muscle remodeling.

Which of the following is an expected cardiovascular chronic adaptation to anaerobic resistance training?

Decreased Mitochondrial Density

Which of the following could cause atrophy in Type 2 muscle fibers and increased mitochondrial density?

Detraining post season

Which type of muscle fiber transition is expected as a result of following a progressive heavy resistance training program?

Type 2x to Type 2a

Which of the following adaptations is expected in an athlete that performs aerobic training around 65-80% VO2 Max?

Increased Lactate Threshold

Resistance training may cause an increase in receptors of which neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction? 

Acetylcholine

Unilateral resistance training has been shown to increase EMG activity of the opposite limb as well as increase strength by up to 22% via what phenomenon?

Cross Education

Sprint Training has been shown to increase release of ________ which assists in increasing speed and power production by promoting actin and myosin cross bridge formation.  

Calcium

Which type of anaerobic training has been shown to increase buffering capacity by 16-38% leading to delayed fatigue and greater muscular endurance? 

High Intensity Interval Training

Adaptations to anaerobic training, particularly neuromuscular system improvements that occur during the early phases of training, can occur in

1-4 weeks

Which of the following is not one of the motor unit adaptations to anaerobic training?

greater synaptic input needed for re-recruitment

Bone development during anaerobic training requires a minimal essential strain (MES) to trigger the appropiate adatptations. What is the MES required?

1/10 the fracture force

Anaerobic training results in what muscle fibrillar adaptations?

Fibers as a whole, shifts to become more aerobic