Integrated Sciences Midterm

Immune System Parts

Bone marrow, white blood cells, lymph nodes, lymphocytes

Endocrine System Parts

Thyroid, pineal glands, testes, ovaries, pancreas

Excretory System Parts

Ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, kidneys

Integumentary System Parts

Skin, hair, nails, glands

Circulatory System Parts

Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, blood (red cells, white cells, platelets, plasma)

Digestive System Parts

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Muscular System Parts

Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscles. Over 600 muscles in the body.

Nervous System Parts

Brain, spinal cord, nerves. Peripheral and central nervous system.

Respiratory System Parts

Nasal passage, trachea, lungs

Skeletal System Parts

206-213 bones

Immune System Function

Defends the body against threats

Endocrine System Function

Produces hormones for regulating body functions

Excretory System Function

Filters and removes waste from the body

Integumentary System Function

Protects the body, regulates temperature, and defends against toxins.

Circulatory System Function

Sends oxygen, nutrients, and antibodies around the body.

Digestive System Function

Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and removes solid waste from the body.

Muscular System Function

Allow the body to move.

Nervous System Function

Controls thoughts, feelings, decision making, reflexes, growth, and more.

Respiratory System Function

Bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.

Skeletal System Function

Supports the body, protects internal organs, and is required for movement. Makes several things necessary for life, including blood cells.

1 mile

1\.6 km

1 inch

2\.5 cm

1 liter

1\.75 pints

1 kg

2\.2 lbs

1 gallon

4\.5 litres

Precision

How close a series of measurements are to each other

Accuracy

How close a measurement is to the true value.

Cell membrane

Is on the outside, and gives the cell structure. Regulates what goes in and out of a cell.

Cell wall

Only in plant cells. Gives cells their shape, and defends against toxins. Rigid and tough.

Chloroplast

Photosynthesis happens here. Creates oxygen and glucose from water, light, and carbon dioxide. Near vacuole and lysosomes.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of membranes for proteins and molecules. Near nucleus and rough endoplasmic reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Chain of flattened sacs. Ribosomes are on outside. Makes proteins for parts of the cell. Close to nucleus, golgi apparatus, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Flagellum

Only in animal cells. Allows for movement in water,

Golgi Apparatus

Post office for proteins. Packages and sends proteins to their appropriate destination.

Mitochondrion (Animal)

Stores energy for biochemical processes. Also main cellular respiration process.

Mitochondrion (Plant)

Produce energy through cellular respiration.

Nucleus

Stores genetic material and makes templates for specific cells. Separates and protects DNA from the rest of the cell.

Vacuoles

Manages waste products in cells.

Large Central Vacuole

Stores water and forces other organelles into place. Only in plant cells.

Cytoplasm

Supports organelles. Does mitosis and meiosis. Dissolves waste.

Lysosomes

Stores digestive enzymes. Helps with destruction of waste and pathogens.

Vesicles

Only in animal cells. Bubble of liquid that sends things in and out of the cell.

Cytoskeleton

Supports other organelles. Allows cells to change shape.