Unit 5, Part 1: Development of Visual Art in the Philippines

Animism

Early Filipinos created functional ritualistic, and decorative art deeply tied to nature and spirit worship, which is often referred to as _________

Manunggul Jar

One of the known Pottery, specifically anthropomorphic burial jars, is ________, which features two boatmen on the lid navigating the soul to the afterlife.

Bulul

One famous Woodcarving during the Pre-Spanish/Indigenous Period is the Cordillera _______, which is the granary guardian god carved from hardwood.

Okir

One famous Woodcarving during the Pre-Spanish/Indigenous Period is the Maranao/Tausug ________, which is an intricate curvilinear floral/plant motifs like Sarimanok and Naga.

Pintados

One famous Body Ornamentation during the Pre-Spanish/Indigenous Period is _________, which is an intricate tattooing among Visayan warriors that is labeled by Spanish chroniclers, which means “The Painted Ones.”

Architecture

During the Pre-Spanish/Indigenous Period, the ________ used are indigenous dwellings using organic materials (bamboo, nipa, palm, wood, and grass) featuring raised floors and steep thatched roofs designed for tropical ventilation and flood prevention (Bahay Kubo, Ifugao Fale, Maranao Torogam)

Plaza Complex System

Spanish colonizers introduced stone masonry (arquitectura mestiza) and the _________, which is a Church and a Municipal Hall surrounding a central plaza.

Earthquake Baroque

To withstand typhoons and earthquakes, churches were built in a unique _________ style, featuring massive walls, squat silhouettes, external buttresses, and detached bell towers that functioned as watch towers against invaders.

San Agustin Church

It is located in Intramuros, Manila, which is the oldest stone church in the Philippines; characterized by incredible structural massiveness, and is built with stone barrel vaulting that enabled it to survive major earthquakes.

Manila Cathedral

It is located in Intramuros, Manila, which is destroyed in the 1863 earthquake and was rebuilt by Fr. Urcioni in a Renaissance Style featuring three naves and a r-story octagon bell tower.

Paoay Church (Ilocos Norte)

It is located in Ilocos Region (Northern Luzon), which is a premier example of Earthquake Baroque; massive fort-like facade with 26 sprawling tapering side buttresses capped with decorative pinnacles.

St. Paul’s Cathedral (Vigan)

It is located in Ilocos Region (Northern Luzon), which is built in classic order with Doric and Ionic capitals, low elevation, and an equestrian image of Santiago on its facade.

Laoag Church

It is located in Ilocos Region (Northern Luzon), where the facade is marked by two squat piers; famous for its separate bell tower that sank slowly into soft sandy oil

Bacarra Church

It is located in Ilocos Region (Northern Luzon), which is notable for its bell tower whose brick dome/cupola resembles an inverted muscovado sugar vat (damaged in 1931/1983 earthquakes).

Binmaley & Lingayen Churches (Pangasinan)

It is located in Ilocos Region (Northern Luzon), which features a unique sugar-vat-shaped dome cupolas and tall quadrangular bell towers.

San Fernando & Bauang (La Union)

It is located in Pangasinan / Central Luzon, which portrays a quasi-classic style incorporating composite pillars and native anahaw leaf relief motifs.

Barasoain Church (Malolos, Bulacan)

It is located in Pangasinan / Central Luzon, which has a facade designed in the compuesto order featuring a sweeping curved pediment and a 3-story octagonal bell tower.

Lubao Church (Pampanga)

It is located in Ilocos Region (Northern Luzon), which suffered severe Japanese artillery shelling during WWII (1942); its original 3-story carved wooden retable survived.

Morong Church

It is located in Rizal, which has an outstanding local Baroque style, featuring a 3-story facade with cornices and balustrades fitting smoothly into curved recessions.

Tanay Church

It is located in Rizal, which is built in 1873, having a 4-story belfry, ionic pillars on the 1st level, composite on the 2nd, the St. Ildefonso statue in pediment niche, and an 18th-century relief carved Estaciones (Stations of the Cross).

Paete Church

It is located in Laguna, which has a Frieze-like facade with four-petalled relief flowers and Byzantine like pilasters and a Baroque retable.

Pakil Church

It is located in Rizal, which has a facade and uses a composite order, having a stilted arch framing main altar.

San Jose Church

It is located in Batangas, having a two-story facade flanked by unique half-volute triangular flaps

Miag-ao Church

It is located in Iloilo, which is built from yellow-orange tobriya (coral stone/limestone), featuring a high-relief facade carvings that depicts St. Christopher carrying the Chris Child amidst coconut trees, and a twin bell towers of unequal height

Pardo Church

It is located in Cebu, which is a fortress-like facade reinforced with heavy tower buttresses and a pointed cupola belfry.

Carcar Church

It is located in Cebu, which is a church built on elevated ground, having an unusual wide facade and bell towers capped by four-sided onion-like ogee cupolas.

Tondo Church

It is located in Metro-Manila, which is redesigned by Luciano Oliver (1873) in compuesto style with steel-framed dome and iron roof.

Binondo Church

It is located in Metro-Manila, which has a truncated cone shape prior to 1863 earthquake, and was rebuilt on later.

Sta. Cruz & Quiapo Churches

It is located in Metro-Manila, which has a classic order facades rebuilt following the 1863 earthquake, where the latter church features a 3-story octagonal tower.

San Sebastian Church

It is located in Metro-Manila, which is rebuilt by recollect Fathers and was engineered in Western Europe as one of the world’s first prefabricated steel buildings to withstand severe earthquakes.