Biology test number two

What is the function of a nucleolus?

This organelle makes ribosomes

What is the function of a centrosome and centriole?

This organelle forms and anchors spindle fibers during cell division

What is the function of a lysosome?

This organelle digests materials in the cell.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

This organelle modifies sorts and packages proteins and lipids from the ER.

What is the function of the chloroplast?

This organelle is responsible for photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll that makes the organism green.

What is the function of ribosomes?

This organelle makes proteins.

What is facilitated diffusion?

This is a type of passive transport that requires a protein to get through the membrane because it is either too large or it is charged.

what are the three types of osmosis?

Hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic

what are three factors that increase the rate of diffusion

Increasing the temperature, increasing the concentration, and increasing surface area

What is endocytosis?

This is when the cell membrane takes things INTO the cell

What are the three types of endocytosis?

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor mediated

What is pinocytosis?

A type of endocytosis; allows cell to take in fluids

What is phagocytosis?

Pseudopods stretch out around what they want to engulf then pulls it into a vacuole

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

A type of endocytosis; incoming substances must bind to receptors to get in the cell

What is exocytosis?

This can be used to get rid of cell waste; opposite of endocytosis.

How are proteins made?

1. Ribosomes are made in cytoplasm or golgi

2. Ribosomes go into the RER

3. Part of the ER dorms a vehicle that surrounds the protein and carries it to the golgi where it is packaged, sorted, and modified

4. A new vehicle pinches off of the golgi and carries it to the destination

What is the function of a lysosome?

It breaks down damaged organelles, bacteria, and waste

What is a Centrosome and Centriole?

This is found only in animal cells; they divide cells and organize the flagella and cilia.

What is special about mitochondria and chloroplasts?

These have their DNA and ribosomes and are prokaryotic, which suggests that they were once free-living!

What is diabetes?

This is a non-infectious disease that disrupts the body’s ability to process sugars and is caused by a breakdown in normal function of certain cells.

What are early symptoms of diabetes?

Some include excessive urination, thirst, hunger, weight loss, vision changes, fatigue, or possible coma.

What is tuberculosis?

This is a highly infectious disease caused by mycobacterium that infects tissue in lungs, but can also affect other organs such as the brain, kidney, and spine.

What are symptoms of tuberculosis?

Some include weight loss, appetite, coughing, night sweats, fever, fatigue, and chills.

Bacteria

Prokaryote, photosynthesis for ATP, flagella and cilia, DNA in cytoplasm, single celled

Protist

Eukaryote, heterotroph, photosynthesis for ATP, flagella and cilia, chlorophyll, pseudopod, DIVERSE

Fungi

Eukaryote, heterotroph, cell wall, no chlorophyll

Plant

Eukaryote, photosynthesis, cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts,

Animal

Eukaryote, heterotroph, small vacuoles, vesicles, lysosomes

What is a fluid mosaic model?

This describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane.