2019 National Floriculture General Knowledge

Wreaths, garlands, loose flowers and petals were the floral design styles used during which historical floral period? A. Greek and Roman B. Victorian C. Art Deco D. Art Nouveau

A. Greek and Roman

Which historical floral period includes floral design styles that were massed, rounded and fan shaped? A. Egyptian B. Art Deco C. American Colonial D. Oriental

C. American Colonial

Which principle of design is defined as ‘a oneness or being complete in itself’? A. Harmony B. Unity C. Proportion D. Line

B. Unity

What color adaptation is created by adding gray to a pure hue? A. Chroma B. Tint C. Tone D. Shade

C. Tone

Which color scheme or color harmony includes hues that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel? A. Complementary B. Analogous C. Monochromatic D. Triadic

B. Analogous

When an arrangement is too small for its surroundings, it is said to be out of _______________. A. Harmony B. Tone C. Rhythm D. Proportion

D. Proportion

Which color harmony uses two hues that are directly opposite to each other on the color wheel? A. Complementary B. Analogous C. Monochromatic D. Triadic

A. Complementary

An appropriate lightweight wire to use for corsage construction is: A. #18 gauge B. #9 gauge C. #22 gauge D. #28 gauge

D. #28 gauge

Chrysanthemums, Asters, Daisies, and other flat-faced flowers are wired for corsages using which method? A. Pierce B. Hook-Wiring C. Stitch D. Clutch or Wrap-Around

B. Hook-Wiring

Which item is a floral piece worn by a man and typically worn on the right-side jacket lapel, near the buttonhole? A. Corsage B. Wristlet C. Boutonniere D. Clutch

C. Boutonniere

Which of the following elements of design allows each flower/form to have its own individual importance? A. Depth B. Space C. Form D. Line

B. Space

Which bouquet style would be best for a full wedding gown with a long train? A. Tussy Mussy B. Cascading C. Presentation D. Round Cluster

B. Cascading

A Hogarth Curve floral design is created by A. An “O” shape B. A “C” shape C. A “S” shape D. A “H” shape

C. A “S” shape

Clogged stems in cut flowers are caused by an air embolism. An air embolism is A. Where disease organisms move into the flower from the air clogging the stem. B. Where a bubble of air enters the xylem preventing water from reaching the flower. C. Where the difference between room and flower cooler temperature clogs the stem. D. Where the flower stem clogs when the flower cooler temperature drops below 36 degrees F.

B. Where a bubble of air enters the xylem preventing water from reaching the flower.

Which wiring method should be used for carnations when they are to be used in corsages and boutonnieres? A. Piercing B. Clutch C. Hook D. Stitch

A. Piercing

The part of the plant stem that produces all new cells is the A. Heartwood B. Xylem C. Phloem D. Cambium

D. Cambium

In the following list of pesticides the ________________ must be mixed with water to apply. A. Emulsifiable concentrate B. Granules C. Dusts D. Baits

A. Emulsifiable concentrate

An acid-loving crop grows best at a pH of ____________. A. 6.8–7.4 B. 6.2–6.8 C. 4.5–5.8 D. 5.8–6.2

C. 4.5–5.8

Auxins and gibberellic acid are hormones in plants that promote growth through ____________________. A. Cell division B. Cell enlargement C. Cell specialization D. Cell protection

B. Cell enlargement

Double layer poly should have how much space between layers for proper inflation and full insulation? A. 1 inch B. 12–14 inches C. At least 2 feet D. 6–8 inches

D. 6–8 inches

In a horticulture business, the product you choose to produce and retail should be at what price above the total production and marketing costs (all fixed and variable costs) to make it feasible to produce and sell? A. 100% B. 150% C. 250% D. 500%

C. 250%

The amount of light a plant receives greatly influences root growth, shoot growth, and flowering. The highest quality greenhouse plants need ______________ foot candles of light per day? A. 500–1,000 B. 2,000–3,000 C. 4,000–6,000 D. 7,000–8,000

C. 4,000–6,000

Botrytis often presents itself on flowers as gray mold. This disease is caused by a(an) __________. A. Fungus B. Virus C. Bacteria D. Environmental Condition

A. Fungus

The ______________ container is ½ as high as it is wide. A. Standard pot B. Bulb pan C. Azalea pot D. Mum pot

B. Bulb pan

Greenhouse production often requires insecticides to be sprayed to prevent insect damage on flowers. Insecticides that are applied in gaseous form are ________________________. A. Systemic B. Fumigants C. Contact D. Repellents

B. Fumigants

Rubber Plants are commonly reproduced through an asexual propagation method known as ___________, which is shown to the right. A. Air layering B. Compound layering C. Whip or tongue grafting D. Cleft grafting

A. Air layering

Most plants grow best in the 40–80 percent relative _____________ range. This is the amount of moisture that is contained in the air surrounding the plant. A. Foot candles B. Particles C. Humidity D. Dew point

C. Humidity

One popular way of identifying plants is to observe their leaf ____________; which will tell the person if the leaves are opposite, alternate, whorled, etc. A. Arrangement B. Margins C. Shape D. Forms

A. Arrangement

A growing media amendment that is grown primarily in marshes, bogs or swamps and has a high-water holding capacity is known as ___________. A. Perlite B. Vermiculite C. Sand D. Peat Moss

D. Peat Moss

In order to have a year-round supply of cut flowers, such as Tulips and Crocus, that grow from bulbs; greenhouse growers are known to __________ bulbs. This means they plant bulbs out of season and grow them in a cold or refrigerated area for 10–12 weeks. A. Force B. Fertilize C. Prune D. Divide

A. Force

The waxy coating on the outside of a leaf, called the __________, serves to prevent excessive water loss from the leaf tissues. A. Petiole B. Stoma C. Cuticle D. Vein

C. Cuticle

When a plant is showing signs of ___________ deficiency, you might notice the leaves turning a dark to reddish leaf color. A. Nitrogen B. Phosphorus C. Potassium D. Sunlight

B. Phosphorus

The item “labeled X” in the figure below, is the ____________, which attaches the leaf to the stem. A. Petiole B. Stipule C. Midrib D. Apex

A. Petiole

The _____________ civilization is credited with being one of the first cultures to use floral arrangements in their homes. A. American B. Greek C. European D. Egyptian

D. Egyptian

The height of an arrangement should be at least ___________ times the container’s greatest dimension. A. ½ B. 1 ½ C. 3 D. 5

B. 1 ½

Flowers, such as Baby’s Breath or Aster, are commonly referred to as ____________ flowers in floral arrangements. A. Texture B. Focal C. Filler D. Form

C. Filler

Which of the following greenhouse substrate components is derived from volcanic rock? A. Vermiculite B. Perlite C. Peat D. Bark Medium

B. Perlite

Which of the following flowers could be used as a focal point in a floral design? A. Wax flower B. Bird-of-Paradise C. Miniature Carnation D. Leatherleaf Fern

B. Bird-of-Paradise

The primary benefit(s) of shading a greenhouse is (are): A. To keep the greenhouse temperatures lower B. To reduce light intensity C. To reduce pest populations D. A and B

D. A and B

The process of _______________ is when a plant loses water through stomata. A. Transduction B. Translocation C. Transpiration D. None of the above

C. Transpiration

A greenhouse pest that is small with tan, feather-like wings would likely be a ______________________. A. Fungus gnat B. Greenhouse whitefly C. Western flower thrip D. Shore fly

C. Western flower thrip

_______________ is when a plant secretes a substance to inhibit growth of another plant. A. Allelopathy B. Anthesis C. Transcription D. Translation

A. Allelopathy

The first thing to do before applying a pesticide is ____________________. A. Fill the spray tank B. Read the label C. Put on personal protective equipment D. Rinse out the sprayer tank

B. Read the label

___________ is the development of a plant from a seed or spore. A. Scarification B. Stratification C. Vernalization D. Germination

D. Germination

Aluminum can affect the color of what florist’s flower? A. Hydrangea B. Dahlia C. Zinnia D. Asiatic Lily

A. Hydrangea

If one were to make a tint of yellow, what color would be added? A. Black B. Gray C. White D. Any of the above

C. White

Which of the following could be used to preserve or dry flowers and foliage? A. Silica gel B. Sand C. Glycerin D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following would be a direct cost in a floral shop: A. Cut flowers in the cooler B. Insurance for the shop’s building C. Energy bills D. Membership fee for FTD

A. Cut flowers in the cooler

The following is not a characteristic of an insect: A. Two tentacles B. Six legs C. Two pairs of wings D. Three body segments

A. Two tentacles

Most indoor foliage plants need which kind of lighting? A. Direct sunlight B. Bright indirect light C. Medium light D. Bright light

B. Bright indirect light