APUSH Test Chap 28-32

Progressive Movement

aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life. BETTER WELFARE and SOCIAL INJUSTICE

Muckrakers

Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public

Progressive Goals

1) State controls trusts

2) Improve standard of living

3) Promote Equality

Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be referred to the people for approval/veto.

Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office.

17th Amendment

Direct election of senators, passed by progressivists

Muller v. Oregon

1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health

Lochner v. New York

Supreme Court case that decided against setting up an 8 hour work day for bakers

Square Deal

by Roosevelt, Control Corporations, protect consumers, and conserve nature.

Elkin Act

fined railroads that gave rebates

Hepburn Act

restricted railroad "free passes" and expanded the Interstate Commerce Commission

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

Meat shipper b/w states could be federally inspected

Pure Food and Drug Act

1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.

Hetch Hetchy Valley

The federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam here in 1913. This was a blow to preservationists, who wished to protect the Yosemite National Park, where the dam was located.

Panic of 1907

A financial crisis that happened when the New York Stock Exchange crashed b/c pf runs on banks and bank failures. created the Federal Reserve.

Elect of 1908

Taft Vs Bryan, Taft won

Dollar Diplomacy

TAFT.Encourage Wall Street bankers to invest in Forgien Areas of interest to US

Rule of Reason

before ruling on the legality of certain business practices, a court examines why they were undertaken and what effect they have on market competition

Payne-Aldrich Bill

High Tarrifs on Imports, made Reps mad b/c Taft said he would lower them

Elect of 1912

Taft vs Wilson vs Rosevelt. Wilson Won

Big Stick Diplomacy

Diplomatic policy developed by T.R where the "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy.

New Nationalism

Roosevelt's progressive political policy that called for Increase control over trusts, womens sufferage and social welfare

New Freedom

Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan, called for stronger anti trust laws, banking reforms, and lower tarrifs

Moral Diplomacy

Foreign policy proposed by President Wilson to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace

Underwood Tarrif

Significantly reduced tarrif

Federal Reserve Act

Oversaw national money, controlling how much money the public got, giving money where needed.

Federal Trade Commision Act

Created FTC, overseeing industries and interstate commerce

Clayton Antitrust Act

certain activities previously committed by big businesses, such as not allowing unions in factories and not allowing strikes, were declared illegal.

Workingmen's Compensation Act

Gave Asistance to disabled civil empolyees

Adamson Act

est 8Hr work day for train workers in Interstat commerce

Fed Farm Loan Act

Low interest rates for farmers

Warehouse Act

authorized loans on the security of staple crops

Jones Act

Gave PR Us ctizenship and Pop gov, made Phillipines US territory and indp when Stable gov in place

Tampico Incident

Us sailers captured by mexicans, Led to Us navy seizing mexican ports

Centeral Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire

Allies

Britain, France, and Russia- Later joined by Italy

US Nuetrality in WWI

US neutral at first, only trading

Lusitania

Us Ship sunk by germ U Boat w/ Us citizen killed. Reason of Us to go into War

Election of 1916

Wilson Won

Zimmerman Note

Note by germ to mexico to ally against Us, Us intercepted, Us reason for War

Wilson 14 points

Woodrow Wilson's plan for post-war peace: no secret treaties; freedom of the seas; removal of economic barriers; reduction of arms; adjust colonial claims

Commitee on Public Information

Rally support for war

Espionage Act

Prevent US supporting enemies

Schenck v. United States

Removed freedom of speech that posed threat to US

War Industries Board

Create order to confused econ

Industrial Workers of the World

Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

Drafted men of US during WWI

Second Battle of the Marne

The first battle that the US participated in overseas. They stopped Germany from taking France, turning point of world war 1

Mesuge Argonne

Us actual win in Warr w/ our forces. Germ troops demoralized

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans. Also created League of nations to aviod war

Irreconcilables

Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations

Elect of 1820

Harding Vs Wilson. If wilson won, Us would agree to TOV but if Harding won No TOV. HARDING WON. Isolationist start to Us.

Red Scare

A period of general fear of communists, threat to US capitalism

criminal syndicalism laws

Illegal to Advocate violence to get social change, resticting 1st amend right

American Plan

Unions/strikes seemed unamerican and were disliked

Immigration Act of 1924

Quota on immigration to 2% of that nations pop in Us except CA and LA, end to immigration era of Us

18th Amendment

ban on Alc, weakly enforced

Volstead Act

Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment. This bill made the manufacture and distribution of alcohol illegal within the borders of the United States.

Gang violence

Increase in organized crime in big cities, like Al Capone

Racketeers

people who invaded ranks of labor unions, org crime

Lindbergh Law

Made interstate abduction in certain circumstances a death-penalty offense.

Fundimentalists

Claimed Darwinistic evolution destroying bible and crusing children.

Bible Belt

Southern U.S. region with strong conservative Christian influence.

Monkey Trial

The theory of Evolution taught in school, the teacher was found guilty.

Fordism

Father of assembly line, increase production of goods, created model T that made people go into more debt

Automobiles

Created jobs, rose lving standard, freedom, gas grew

Flappers

Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion, to fight to equality

United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

to promote resettlement of African Americans to their "African homeland" and to stimulate a vigorous separate black economy within the United States.

Moderism

a term for the bold new experimental styles and forms that swept the arts during the first third of the twentieth century.

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Adkins v. Children's Hospital

SC ruled women dont get special protection in work b/c they equal

Esch-Cummins Transportation Act

returned Railroads to Private management

Merchant Marine Act

1920 act which authorized the Shipping Board, which controlled 1500 vessels, to dispose of much of the hastily-built wartime fleet.

La Follette Seaman's Act

improve work cond for sailors but bad for econ b/c Us sailors couldn't compete with world

Veterans Bureau/American Legion/ Adjusted Compensation Act

Vet Bureau: operated hospitals for disabled,

American Legion: Support group for war vets

Adjusted Comp Act: gave vets money dep on service

9 power treaty/4 Power treaty/ Washington "dissarment" conference

overall limited naval/military power, keep peace

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

Increased Tarrif from 27% to 35% to protect US econ but Euro posed

Teapot Dome Scandal

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921

McNary-Haugen Bill

keep alg prices high by taking Us surplus and exported but coolidge vetoed

Elect of 1924

Coolidge won

Progressive Party

Also known as the "Bull Moose Party", this political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912. After Taft won the Republican Party's nomination, Roosevelt ran on the Progressive party ticket.

Dawes Plan

A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.

Elect of 1928

Hoover won

algicultural marketing act

Set Up fed farm board, tried to stabilize Alg

Hawley smot tarrif

raised tarrif to 60, helped cause depression

3 main Caused of Great Depression

1. Overproduction of goods

2. lack of money for wages

3. overepanded credit

Hoovervilles

Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress

Hoover Plan

Though lazzie fair would fix econ itself but soon changed to helping RR, banks and credit to stabilize econ

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Agency established in 1932 to provide emergency relief to large businesses, insurance companies, and banks.

Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act

Outlawed antiunion contracts and forbade then federal courts from restraining strike and boycotts.

Bonus Army

Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash

Jap Imperialism

Jap took advantage of US conditiona nd invaded machuria and w/o US in in LON, nothing was done

Stimson Doctrine

1932, Hoover's Secretary of State said the US would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan's invasion of Manchuria

Elect of 1932

Hoover vs FDR, FDR Win

Brain Trust

supposed college kid who wrote for FDR

Hundred Days Congress

Cong passed series of laws to improve state of nation

NEW DEAL

RELIF, RECOVERY< REFORM

Emergency Banking Relief Act

gave the President power over the banking system and set up a system by which banks would be reorganized or reopened