FUN electrolytes

electrolytes

•Minerals in the body that can conduct electricity.

• urine,

• blood,

• tissues,

• other body fluids.

• food

• drinks

• supplements

where are electrolyted founds?

potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium.

name the electrolytes

• Balancing the amount of water in the body.

• Balancing the body’s pH (acid/base) level.

• Moving waste out of body cells.

• Moving nutrients into body cells.

• Allowing the body’s muscles, heart, nerves, and brain to function properly.

what is the role of electrolytes?

1/2-2.3

average person weight is about this much water?

thirst

nerve centers in the brain being stimulated when the body needs water

pituitary gland

In order to conserve water, what gland secretes vasopressin (the antidiuretic hormone)?

vasopressin

stimulates the kidneys to excrete less urine which helps to conserve water.

• Dehydration;

• overhydration;

• certain medications;

• history of heart, kidney, or liver disorders;

• incorrect intravenous fluids or feedings

what can lead to an electrolyte imbalance?

3.5 - 5 mEq/L

potassium normal range

136 - 145 mEq/L

sodium normal range

9 - 10.5 mg/dL

calcium normal range

1.3 - 2.1 mg/dL

magnesium normal range

potassium function

helps with nerve and muscle cell function while playing an important role in the muscle cells in the heart.

• Muscle twitches

• cramps

• paresthesia

• irritability

• anxiety

• hypotension

• ekg changes

• dysrhythmias

• abdominal cramping

• diarrhea

hyperkalemia SS

• alkolosis

• shallow respirations

• irritability

• confusion

• drowsy

• weakness

• fatigue

• arrythmia- tachy or bradycardia

• lethargy

• thready pulse

• decrease intestinal motility (N/V, ileus)

hypokalemia SS

A SIC WALT

hypokalemia mnemonic

sodium function

supports the function of nerves and muscles, helps maintain a normal blood pressure, and regulates the body’s fluid balance

FRIED SALT

hypernatremia mnemonic

• flushed skin

• restless, anxious, confusion

• increased bp & fluid retention

• edema

• decreased urine output

• skin dry

• agitation

• low grade fever

• thirsty

hypernatremia ss

SALT LOSS

hyponatremia mnemoic

• stupor/coma

• anorexia

• lethargy

• tachycardia

• limp muscles/weak

• orthostatic hypotension

• seizures/HA

• stomach cramping

hyponatremia ss

calcium function

• helps the body maintain strong bones

• mostly stored in teeth and bones to support their hardness.

• helps muscles move, nerves to carry messages between the brain and body, and blood vessels to move blood throughout the body.

low calcium levels

what causes hypoparathyroidism?

hyperparathyroidism

what causes hypercalemia?

CRAMPS

hypocalcemia mnemoic

• convulsions

• reflexes hyperactive

• arrythmias (long QT interval)

• muscle spasm (calves/feet-tetany)

• positive signs (trousseaus/chvostek)

• sensation of tingling/numbing (parathesis)

hypocalcemia ss

trousseaus

clients thumb andindex draw together when a bp cuff is inflated above systolic for 3 minutes

chvosteks

tap in front of ear cause facial contraction

bones, stones, groans, moans

hypercalcemia mnemonic

• painful BONE condition (osteitis fibrosa cystica)

• kidney STONES

• abdmonial GROANS (N/V, constipations, indigestion)

• psychiatric MOANS (lethargy, fatigue, memory loss, psychosis, depression)

hypercalcemia ss

magnesium function

• assist in the regulation of nerve and muscle function, blood pressure and blood sugar levels;

• making bone, protein, and DNA.

STARVED

hypomagnesemia mnemonic

• Maintenance

• Saline

• Helps

• Bodies

• Reach

• Normal

• Electrolyte

• Levels

hypermagnesemia mnemonic

• seizures

• tetany

• anorexia and arrythmias

• rapid heart rate

• vomiting

• emotional lability

• deep tendon reflexes increased

hypomagnesemia ss

• muscle weakness

• skeletal muscle contraction

• hypotension

• bradycardia

• respiratory distress

• N/V

• excess nerve function

• loss of deep tendon reflexes

hypermagnesemia ss

hypovolemia

• occurs when there is a decrease in blood volume within the body due to loss of body fluids or blood.

• ss: Excessive sweating, large burns, diuretics, inadequate fluid intake, and increased urination

• At first causes the nose, mouth, and other mucous membranes to dry out; the skin to lose elasticity; and urine output to decrease.

• The body then tries to compensate for volume loss by increasing the heart rate and strength of contractions.

• Blood vessels are constricted in the extremities to preserve blood flow for the heart, brain, and kidneys.

platelets

The liquid portion of blood

whole blood used

Trauma and surgery causing a significant blood loss

Platelets, or thrombocytes

stop or prevent bleeding

platelets

commonly used during organ transplants, cancer treatments, and surgery

erythrocytes

can be used to restore blood levels without substantially increasing the client’s overall blood volume.

• cyanosis

• change in LOC

• chest pain, tightness, pressure

• palpitations

• no urine production

• tachycardia

• tachypnea

• hypotension

• weak pulse

ss of Untreated Hypovolemia

hypervolemia

• fluid overload

• a condition where the body has too much water.

• caused by problems with the kidneys as they are responsible for balancing the salt and fluid in the body.

• treatment is to rid the body of excess fluid

14

what gauge is a orange catheter?

16

what gauge is a black catheter?

18

what gauge is a green catheter?

20

what gauge is a pink catheter?

22

what gauge is a blue catheter?

24/ used for kids

what gauge is a yellow catheter?

infilitration

ss: pallor, edema, cool to the touch, damp dressing, slow IV rate

phlebitis

• edema, throbbing, pain at time, redness, red line up arm, slowed rate

• TREATMENT: stop infusion; elevate site; warm or cold compress; restart in a different location

cellulitis

• pain, warmth, edema, induration, red streaking, chills.

• TREATMENT: stop infusion; elevate site; warm or cold compress; restart in a different location; may need ANTIBIOTIC

fluid overload

• how distended neck veins, HTN, SOB, crackles, edema

• TREATMENT: Raise HOB; Monitor vitals; diuretics

q 72 h

how often should iv sites be rotated?

• Monitor site,

• use pump,

• rotate sites every 72 hours,

• good infection control measures!!!

• Monitor I & O

how to prevent IV site issues?

• anything the client puts in their mouth,

• takes in intravenously,

• feeding tubes.

Intake includes?

• urine

• bowel

• vomit

output includes?

• •Fluid Imbalance

• •Dehydration

• •Electrolyte imbalance

• •Lack of Knowledge of Fluid Regimen

nursing problems for patients with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base alterations