Phonics & Decoding Terms

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Last updated 4:20 PM on 9/24/26
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13 Terms

1
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Grapheme

written letter or group of letters that represents a sound

  • m = /m/

  • sh = /sh/

  • igh = long /ī/ sound 


2
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Phoneme

smallest individual sound in a word

  • /m/

  • /k/


3
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Morpheme

the smallest meaningful part of a word

  • unhelpful



un + help + ful (3)


4
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Diphthong

a vowel that glides from one sound to another within the same syllable

  • oi/oy → coin, boy

  • ou/ow → house, cow


5
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Schwa

an unstressed vowel sound that sounds like /uh/

  • about → /uh/

  • banana → some of those unstressed vowels have that relaxed /uh/ sound


6
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Decoding

Read it

see cat → read “cat”


7
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Encoding

write/spell it

hear /cat/ → write cat


8
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Closed syllable

Ends in consonant, usually short vowel

cat, rabbit


9
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Open syllable

Ends in vowel, usually long

he, go


10
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Silent-e

VCe pattern

cake, bike


11
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Vowel team

Vowels work together

rain, boat


12
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R-controlled

Vowels followed by r

car, bird


13
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Consonant-le

Ends in consonant + le

table, little