Mrs. Cobb C.3 Part II: Tissues

Tissue

Groups of cells with similar structure and function

Four tissue types

Epithelial

Connective

Muscle

Nervous

Epithelial Tissue

composes all coverings, linings, membranes and glandular tissue.

Functions: Support, protection, absorption, filtration, secretion

Classification of epithelial cells

# of layers: 1-simple; Many; stratified

Cell Shape: Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

Simple Squamous Epithelium

One layer of flattened cells; forms membranes and linings

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

One layer of cube-shaped cells; found in glands and kidney tubules.

Simple Columnar Epithelium

One layer of column shaped cells; found in the stomach and intestines. Often contains goblet cells that form a mucus.

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Appears to be multiple layers due to difference in cell height, but are really one layer. Found lining the respiratory tract. Often ciliated to propel dust and debris away from lungs.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Multiple layers of flattened cells, found in areas that endure friction; Skin, esophagus, mouth.

Stratified Cuboidal & Columnar Epithelium

Multiple layers of cube or column shaped cells, this tissue is rare and is found mostly in large glands

Transitional Epithelium

Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching / Lines organs of the urinary system.

Glandular Epithelium

Tissue that secretes a product. Two main types; Exocrine (sweat & oil) and Endocrine (hormones).

Connective Tissue

Most abundant, and widely distributed.

Must contain matrix and fibers

Connective tissue types

bone (osseous), hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, dense connective, areolar, adipose, blood, and reticular

Bone (osseous)

Forms the skeleton

Hyaline Cartilage

collagen fibers in a rubbery matrix, usually found on the ends of bones

Fibrocartilage

highly compressable, forms cushion like discs in between each vertebrae

Elastic Cartilage

Very flexible. Forms the external ear.

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Very durable, forms ligaments, and tendons

Areolar tissue

soft pliable. Forms the basement membrane of epithelial tissues and wraps and protects organs. Has the ability to soak up excess fluids and swell.

Adipose Tissue

(Fat) Matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat/lipid globules predominate. Found in fatty areas of the body. Functions; insulate, protect, and store energy.

Reticular

Makes up the spleen, lymph nodes, and marrow

Blood

Made up of red blood cells, and fluid matrix (plasma) acts as a transport vehicle for oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

Muscle tissue types

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

Skeletal

Attaches to bones to produce movement:

Voluntary

Striated

Multi-Nucleate

Cardiac

Makes up the heart:

Involuntary

Striated

Mononucleate

(Has intercalated discs and branches)

Smooth

Forms the walls of hollow organs:

Involuntary

Non-Striated

Mononucleate

Spindle shaped

Nervous tissue

Found in the brain-made up of neurons: conduct electrochemical impulses. Functions: Irritability (response) and conductivity.