Child psychology Chapter 6

Cognitive Development

process by which children percieve and mentally represent the world

Piaget came up with

sequecne stages SPCF

SPCF

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete, Formal

Assimilation

Absorbing new events into existing schemes(mental constructs)

Accommodation

Modifying existing schemes if assimilation cannot make sense of novel events

Substage 1

first month, simple reflexes

Circular

A behavior that is repeated

Substage 2

1-4 months, circular reactions, accidentally hitting face and they repeat it

Substage 3

4-8 months, secondary circular reactions on environment, pushing a button on a toy because they like it

Substage 4

8-12 months, goal directed behavior and mental representations, the child can tell the difference between how to achieve a goal and the goal itself

Substage 5

12-18 months, trial and error behaviors to learn how thins work, a baby throwing a ball in different directions to see where it lands

Substage 6

18-24 months, external exploration replaces by mental exploration, using their mind instead of touching it

Objective Permanence

recognition that an object/person continues to exist when out of sight

When does some rudimentary object permanence exist

As early as 2 and 3 ½ months

Deferred imitation

demonstartes mental representation as early as 9 months

When does memory improve

dramatically between 2 to 6 months

Rovee-Collier and her colleagues do to measure memory

tied one end of a ribbon to a mobile and another end to the infants ankle

Priming

giving advanced reminders(hints)

Zone of proximal development

what a learner can accomplish independently, and what they can achieve with guidance from a more knowledgeable person

The Bayley scale

most common test used for infants

Gross motor skills

standing, raising, walking, and climbing

Fine motor skills

use of hands and fingers

What do bayley test scores predict

Language skills at ages 6-8

Visual Recognition memory

ability to discriminate previously seen objects from novel objects

What do newborns do

they only cry, its earliest stage of communication

Cooing

begins in the second month, vowel like sounds

Babbling

begins 6-9 months, combined constants and vowels

Shaping

parents reinforce children’s successive approximations to real words

Overextension

generalizing meaning of one word to other things they cannot name yet,

holophrases

single words used to express complex meanings

telephrases

2 word short sentences

syntax

word order