COMPTIA NETWORK+ N10-009 PART III

WIRELESS MESH

• MULTIPLE ACCESS POINTS THAT CAN COMMUNICATE TO EACH OTHER WITHIN A CLOSE AREA

AD HOC MODE

• 2 DEVICES COMMUNICATE USING 802.11

• NO ACCESS POINT REQUIRED

• INDEPENDENT BASIC SERVICE SET (IBSS)

• TEMPORARY OR LONG-TERM COMMUNICATION

POINT-TO-POINT MODE

• CONNECT 2 ACCESS POINTS TOGETHER

• EXTEND WIRED NETWORK OVER DISTANCE

• i.e.) BUILDING TO BUILDING OR SITE TO SITE

• MAY NEEED SPECIALIZED WIRELESS EQUIPMENT

  • i.e.) OUTDOOR ANTENNAS OR ACCESS POINTS

INFRASTRUCTURE MODE

• CLIENTS COMMUNICATE TO AN ACCESS POINT

• ACCESS POINT FORWARDS TRAFFIC

• CLIENTS CAN COMMUNICATE TO WIRED NETWORKS

• CLIENTS CAN COMMUNICATE TO EACH OTHER IF ACCESS POINT ALLOWS

DISTRIBUTION FRAME

• PASSIVE CABLE TERMINATION

• PUNCH DOWN BLOCKS

• PATCH PANELS

• MOUNTED ON WALL OR FLAT SURFACE

• ALL TRANSPORT MEDIA (COPPER, FIBER, VOICE & DATA)

• OFTEN USED AS A ROOM OR LOCATION NAME

MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME (MDF)

• CENTRAL POINT OF NETWORK / DATA CENTER

• TERMINATION POINT FOR WAN LINKS

  • CONNECTS INSIDE TO OUTSIDE

• PERFECT TESTING POINT IN BOTH DIRECTIONS

• CENTRAL POINT FOR DATA

INTERMEDIATE DISTRIBUTION FRAME (IDF)

• USUALLY IN SEPARATE FLOOR OR BUILDING

• EXTENSION OF MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME (MDF)

  • DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO MDF

• SWITCHES, ROUTERS

• CONNECTS USERS TO NETWORK

• COMMON IN MEDIUM TO LARGE ORGANIZATIONS

COPPER PATCH PANEL / PATCH BAY

• PUNCH-DOWN BLOCK ON ONE SIDE & RJ45 CONNECTOR ON THE OTHER

• MOVE CONNECTION AROUND

• KEEP ALL CABLES IN PLACE BETWEEN PATCH PANEL & DESK OUT ON FLOOR

• ALL WE HAVE TO CHANGE ARE INTERNAL CONNECTIONS ON INTERMEDIATE DISTRIBUTION FRAME (IDF)

FIBER DISTRIBUTION PANEL

• PERMANENT FIBER INSTALLATION

• PATCH PANEL AT BOTH ENDS

• FIBER BEND RADIUS

  • CABLE BREAKS WHEN BENT TOO TIGHTLY

  • DO NOT EXCEED BEND RADIUS

  • LOOP THE FIBER

SERVICE LOOP

• EXTRA FIBER FOR FUTURE CHANGES

• INEXPENSIVE INSURANCE

AMPERE (A)

• RATE OF ELECTRON FLOW PAST A POINT IN ONE SECOND

• i.e.) DIAMETER OF WATER HOSE

VOLTAGE (V)

• ELECTRICAL “PRESSURE” PUSHING ELECTRONS

• i.e.) HOW OPEN A FAUCET IT

• 120V OR 240V

WATT (W)

• HOW MUCH ENERGY IS BEING CONSUMED

• ELECTRICAL LOAD MEASURED IN WATTS

ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)

• ~

• DIRECTION OF CURRENT CONSTANTLY REVERSES

• DISTRIBUTES ELECTRICITY EFFICIENTLY OVER LONG DISTANCES

DIRECT CURRENT (DC)

• CURRENT MOVES IN ONE DIRECTION WITH A CONSTANT VOLTAGE

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS)

• SHORT-TERM BACKUP POWER

• PROTECTION AGAINST POWER OUTAGE

• BATTERIES INSIDE OF DEVICE WITH BATTERIES

• TYPES: OFFLINE/STANDBY UPS, LINE-INTERACTIVE UPS, & ON-LINE/DOUBLE-CONVERSION UPS

• FEATURES: AUTO SHUTDOWN, BATTERY CAPACITY, OUTLETS, PHONE LINE SUPPRESSION

BROWNOUTS

• VOLTAGE ON LINES DROP A BIT

SURGES

• VOLTAGE ON LINES TEND TO SPIKE

OFFLINE/STANDBY UPS

• LEAST EXPENSIVE

• WAITING FOR POWER TO GO OUT BEFORE IT KICKS IN

• SMALL GAP OF TIME WHERE NO POWER IS AVAILABLE TO SYSTEMS

LINE-INTERACTIVE UPS

• IF YOU HAPPEN TO HAVE A BROWNOUT & VOLTAGE BEGINS TO DROP

• INCREASES AMOUNT OF POWER PROVIDED TO BE ABLE TO COMPENSATE FOR THAT DROP

ON-LINE/DOUBLE-CONVERSION UPS

• MANY DATA CENTERS PREFERENCE

• ALWAYS RUNNING ON BATTERY POWER

• BATTERIES ARE CONSTANTLY BEING REFRESHED BY POWER SOURCE

• IF YOU LOSE POWER SOURCE, THERE IS NO AFFECT ON SYSTEMS THAT ARE CONNECTED UPS - ALWAYS BEEN RUNNING ON THAT PRIMARY BATTERY POWER

POWER DISTRIBUTION UNITS (PDUs)

• PROVIDE MULTIPLE POWER OUTLETS

• USUALLY IN A RACK

• MANAGE POWER CAPACITY

• ENABLE OR DISABLE INDIVIDUAL OUTLETS

PHYSICAL NETWORK MAP

• SHOWS PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF EQUIPMENT, CABLING, & EVERYTHING IN BETWEEN

LOGICAL NETWORK MAP

• HIGHER LEVEL VIEW OF CONNECTIVITY

• NOT FOCUSED ON INDIVIDUAL INTERFACES & CABLES

• MORE ON HOW ENTIRE NETWORK IS CONNECTED

• USEFUL FOR PLANNING & COLLABORATION

RACK DIAGRAM

• PHYSICAL VIEW AS IF YOU WERE STANDING IN FRONT OF RACK IN DATA CENTER

• PROVIDE DOCUMENTATION FOR INSTALLATION OR CHANGES

• DETAILED DIAGRAM OF RACK COMPONENTS

CABLE MAPS & DIAGRAMS

• VIEW OF OFFICE & WHERE WIRES ARE INSTALLED IN FACILITY

• FOUNDATION OF NETWORK - CABLE & FIBER

• PLANNING INSTALLATION

• NUMBERING EACH NETWORK DROP

• TROUBLESHOOTING AFTER INSTALLATION

ASSET MANAGEMENT

• RECORD OF EVERY ASSET

  • i.e.) LAPTOP, DESKTOP, SERVERS, ROUTERS, SWITCHES, etc. . . .

• ASSOCIATE SUPPORT TICKETS WITH DEVICE MAKE & MODEL

• FINANCIAL RECORDS, AUDITS, DEPRECIATION

• ADD ASSET TAG

  • WHO OWNS THE PARTICULAR PIECE OF EQUIPMENT

ASSET DATABASE

• CENTRAL ASSET TRACKING SYSTEM

• ASSIGNED USERS

• WARRANTY

• LICENSING

IP ADDRESS MANAGEMENT (IPAM)

• PLAN, TRACK, & CONFIGURE DHCP & IP ADDRESS SCHEMED BEING USED IN A COMPANY

• DOCUMENT WHAT USERS MAY BE USING WHAT IP ADDRESSES

• USEFUL TO BE ABLE TO MAP A USER WITH A SPECIFIC IP ADDRESS DURING A PARTICULAR DATE & TIME

• IDENTIFY PROBLEMS OR SHORTAGES WE MAY HAVE WITH IP ADDRESSING CONFIGURATIONS

• MANAGE IPv4 & IPv6

SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT (SLA)

• MINIMUM TERMS FOR SERVICES PROVIDED

• UPTIME, RESPONSE TIME AGREEMENT, etc. . .

• COMMONLY USED BETWEEN CUSTOMERS & SERVICE PROVIDERS

SITE SURVEYS

• IDENTIFY ALL ACCESS POINTS THAT WE MIGHT BE USING (EVEN IF ACCESS POINTS ARE ONES WE ARE NOT IN CONTROL OF)

• WORK AROUND EXISTING FREQUENCIES

  • LAYOUT & PLAN FOR INTERFERENCE

• PLAN FOR ONGOING SITE SURVEYS

• HEAT MAPS

HEAT MAP

• IDENTIFIES WIRELESS SIGNAL STRENGTHS

END OF LIFE (EOL)

• MANUFACTURER STOP SUPPORTING HARDWARE

• MAY CONTINUE TO PROVIDE SECURITY PATCHES & UPDATES

• MAY PROVIDE WARRANTY REPAIR

END OF SUPPORT (EOS)

• MANUFACTURER STOPS UPDATING A PRODUCT

• NO ONGOING SECURITY PATCHES OR UPDATES

• ***SIGNIFICANT SECURITY CONCERN***

PATCHES & BIG FIXES

• SYSTEM STABILITY & SECURITY FIXES

• SERVICE PACK - LARGE NUMBER OF UPDATES ALL AT ONCE

• MONTHLY UPDATES

• EMERGENCY OUT-OF-BAND UPDATES

OPERATING SYSTEM UPDATES

• OPERATING SYSTEM UPDATES / SERVICE PACKS, SECURITY PATCHES

• USER ACCOUNT CHANGES

  • MINIMUM PASSWORD LENGHTS & COMPLEXITY

  • ACCOUNT LIMITATIONS

• NETWORK ACCESS & SECURITY

  • LIMIT NETWORK ACCESS

• ANTI-VIRUS, ANTI-MALWARE

FIRMWARE MANAGEMENT

• SOFTWARE INSIDE OF HARDWARE

• UPGRADE FIRMWARE TO NON-VULNERABLE VERSION

• ALWAYS HAVE A ROLLBACK PLAN

• SAVE FIRMWARE BINARIES

DECOMMISSIONING

• MANAGING ASSET DISPOSAL

• SANITIZE MEDIA OR DESTROY

• SOME INFORMATION MUST NOT BE DESTROYED - MAY BE A LEGAL ISSUE

  • CONSIDER OFFISTE STORAGE

• DO NOT WANT TO THROW IN NORMAL TRASH

CHANGE MANAGEMENT

• UPGRADE SOFTWARE, CHANGE FIREWALL CONFIGURATION, MODIFY SWITCH PORTS

• SOMETHING THAT WE CAN TRACK, MONITOR, & MODIFY

• CLEAR POLICIES

  • FREQUENCY, DURATION, INSTALLATION PROCESS, FALLBACK PROCEDURES

• DIFFICULT TO IMPLEMENT

SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL (SNMP)

• DESIGNED TO PROVIDE MANAGEMENT INTERFACE TO DEVICES OVER A STANDARD SET OF PROTOCOLS REGARDLESS OF WHO HAPPENS TO MANUFACTURER THAT DEVICE

• DATABASE CONTAINS OBJECT IDENTIFIERS (OIDs)

• POLL DEVICES OVER UDP/161

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION BASE (MIB)

• QUERYING NUMBER OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS

• DATABASE OF DATA

SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL (SNMP) OBJECT IDENTIFIERS (OID)

• OBJECT IDENTIFIER CAN BE REFERENCED BY NAME OR NUMBER

• SPECIFIC VARIABLE THAT WE PULL BACK TO MANAGEMENT STATION

• SERIES OF NUMBERS ASSOCIATED WITH SET OF VALUES

SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL (SNMP) TRAP

• PROACTIVE ALARM SENT FROM DEVICE TO MANAGEMENT STATION WITHOUT MANAGEMENT STATION NEEDING TO PULL THAT DEVICE FIRST

• COMMUNICATE OVER UDP/162

COMMUNITY STRING

• SIMPLE PASSWORD-STYLE AUTHENTICATION METHOD

• READ-ONLY, READ-WRITE, & TRAP

• ARE PUBLIC & PRIVATE

• USED WITH SNMP V1 & SNMP V2C

NETFLOW

• SUMMARY OF STATS BASED ON FLOWS OF TRAFFIC TRAVERSING THE NETWORK

• STANDARD COLLECTION METHOD

• MANY PRODUCTS & OPTIONS

NETFLOW PROBE

• NETFLOW USUALLY STARTS WITH THIS

• WATCHES NETWORK COMMUNICATION

• MAYBE SITTING IN MIDDLE OF CONNECTION USING PHYSICAL TAP OR MAYBE USING SWITCHED PORT ANALYZER (SPAN) ON SWITCH TO GATHER THAT INFORMATION

• COMPILING STATISTICS BASED ON ALL PACKETS GOING ACROSS THE NETWORK

NETFLOW COLLECTOR

• SUMMARY OF ALL INFORMATION WITHIN NETWORK PROBE

• DON’T HAVE TO GO TO SEPARATE NETFLOW PROBE’S TO GATHER ALL THE DETAILS

• KEEPS DATABASE OF ALL INFORMATION OVER TIME

• INCLUDES A REPORT GENERATOR

PROTOCOL ANALYZER

• ALLOWS YOU TO SEE EXACT BITS & BYTES SENT ACROSS NETWORK FROM ONE DEVICE TO ANOTHER

• GATHERS FRAMES ON NETWORK

• VIEW TRAFFIC PATTERNS

• LARGE SCALE STORAGE

NETWORK PERFORMANCE BASELINE

• PICTURE OF WHAT A NORMAL DAY ON THE NETWORK MAY LOOK LIKE

• NORMAL AMOUNT OF UTILIZATION WOULD BE DURING A STANDARD WORK DAY

• INTERMITTENT OR ALL-DAY ISSUES

• VERY DETAILED VIEW ACROSS MANY DIFFERENT DEVICES ON YOUR NETWORK

• IDENTIFY & ALERT WHEN CERTAIN ANOMALIES OCCUR

SYSLOG

• STANDARD FOR TRANSFERRING LOG FILES

• USUALLY CENTRAL LOGGING COLLECTOR

  • INTEGRATED INTO SECURITY INFORMATION & EVENT MANAGER (SIEM)

• EACH LOG ENTRY IS LABELED

• FACILITY CODE & SEVERITY LEVEL

• COMMON WITH MOST DEVICES

FACILITY CODE

• PROGRAM THAT CREATED THE LOG

• ASSOCIATED WITH SYSLOG

SECURITY INFORMATINO & EVENT MANAGEMENT (SIEM)

• LOGGING OF SECURITY EVENTS & INFORMATION

• SECURITY ALERTS - REAL-TIME

• ADVANCED REPORTING FEATURES

• LINK DIVERSE DATA TYPES

• GATHER DETAILS AFTERN AN EVENT

API INTEGRATION

• CONTROL & MANAGE DEVICES

• LOG IN TO EACH DEVICE & MAKE CHANGES MANUALLY

APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACES (API)

• INTERACT WITH THIRD-PARTY DEVICES & SERVICES

• COMMUNICATE WITH NATIVE LANGUAGE OF THAT DEVICE

• IF YOU ARE MANAGING HUNDREDS/THOUSANDS OF DEVICES, YOU CAN MAKE THOSE CHANGES AUTOMATICALLY USING API

PORT MIRRORING

• ALLOWS YOU TO USE AN EXISTING SWITCH & REDIRECT TRAFFIC FROM ONE PORT ON THE SWITCH TO A PACKET GATHERING DEVICE THAT YOU HAVE CONNECTED TO A DIFFERENT PORT

• AKA: SWITCHED PORT

• i.e.) IF WE ARE USING A SWITCH, WE’RE SIMPLY TAKING A COPY OF THIS DATA & SENDING THAT COPY TO A THIRD-PARTY DEVICE (IPS OR NETFLOW COLLECTOR)

TRAFFIC ANALYSIS

• VIEW TRAFFIC INFORMATION FROM ROUTERS, SWITCHES, FIREWALLS, etc. . . .

• VERY DETAILED

• IMPORTANT HISTORICAL INFORMATION

PERFORMANCE MONITORING

• FUNDAMENTAL NETWORK STATISTIC

• USE SNMP, NETFLOW, etc. . . .

• IDENTIFY FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES

AVAILABILITY MONITORING

• MOST IMPORTANT STATISTIC

• GREEN IS GOOD, RED IS BAD

• ALARMING & ALERTING

  • NOTIFICATION SHOULD AN INTERFACE FAIL TO REPORT

• SHORT-TERM & LONG-TERM REPORTING

CONFIGURATION MONITORING

• MONITOR CONFIGURATIONS

• ALERT ON ANY CHANGES

• BACKUP & RESTORE

• OFTEN PART OF LARGER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OR STRATEGY

DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN (DRP)

• DETAILED PLAN FOR RESUMING OPERATIONS AFTER A DISASTER

• EXTENSIVE PLANNING PRIOR TO DISASTER

  • BACKUPS

  • OFF-SITE DATA REPLICATION

  • CLOUD ALTERNATIVES

  • REMOTE SITE

• MANY THIRD PARTY OPTIONS SUCH AS PHYSICAL LOCATIONS OR RECOVERY SERVICES

RECOVERY TIME OBJECTVE (RTO)

• MEASURE IN AMOUNT OF TIME

• NEEDS TO BE AS CLOSE TO 0 AS POSSIBLE

• HOW QUICKLY WE CAN GET BACK TO RUNNING IF AN OUTAGE OCCURS

RECOVERY POINT OBJECTVE (RPO)

• MEASURE IN AMOUNT OF TIME

• NEEDS TO BE AS CLOSE TO 0 AS POSSIBLE

• HOW MUCH TIME WE LOST WHEN THE OUTAGE OCCURRED

MEAN TIME TO REPAIR (MTTR)

• TIME REQUIRED TO FIX THE ISSUE

• TIME FROM POINT OF FAILURE TO FULL FUNCTIONALITY

MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURES (MTBF)

• PREDICT TIME BETWEEN OUTAGES

SITE RESILIENCY

• MOVING OF ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER

• RECOVERY SITE IS PREPPED

  • DATA IS SYNCHRONIZED

• REVERT BACK TO PRIMARY LOCATION

COLD SITES

• NO HARDWARE, NO DATA, NO PEOPLE

HOT SITES

• EASILY MOVE IN & UP & RUNNING

• EXACT REPLICA OF DATA CENTER

• STOCKED WITH HARDWARE

• APPLICATIONS & SOFTWARE CONSTANTLY UPDATED

• FLIP A SWITCH & EVERYTHING MOVES

WARM SITES

• BETWEEN COLD & HOT SITE

• HAS SOME LEVEL OF INFRASTRUCTURE - MIGHT HAVE POWER & RACKS OR ADDITIONAL HARDWARE TO USE

• BIG ROOM WITH RACK SPACE

• HARDWARE IS READY & WAITING

VALIDATION TESTS

• TEST YOURSELVES BEFORE AN ACTUAL EVENT

  • SCHEDULED UPDATE SESSIONS

• USE WELL-DEFINED RULES OF ENGAGEMENT

• VERY SPECIFIC SCENARIO

• EVALUATE RESPONSE

ACTIVE-PASSIVE

• 2 DEVICES ARE INSTALLED & CONFIGURED

  • ONLY ONE OPERATES AT A TIME

• IF ONE FAILS, THE OTHER TAKES OVER

• CONFIGURATION & REAL-TIME SESSION INFORMATION IS CONSTANTLY SYNCHRONIZED

ACTIVE-ACTIVE

• 2 DEVICES ARE INSTALLED & CONFIGURED

  • USE BOTH AT THE SAME TIME

• MORE COMPLEX TO DESIGN & OPERATE

  • DATA CAN FLOW IN MANY DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS

  • CHALLENGE TO MANAGE FLOWS

DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL (DHCP)

• PROVIDES AUTOMATIC ADDRESS / IP CONFIGURATION FOR ALMOST ALL DEVICES

DORA - DHCP

• DISCOVER

  • FIND DHCP SERVER

• OFFER

  • GET AN OFFER

• REQUEST

  • LOCK IN THE OFFER

• ACKNOWLEDGE

  • DHCP SERVER CONFIRMATION

SCOPE PROPERTIES

• IP ADDRESS RANGE & EXCLUDED ADDRESSES

• SUBNET MASK

• LEASE DURATIONS

• OTHER SCOPE OPTIONS

  • DNS SERVER

  • DEFAULT GATEWAY

  • VOIP SERVERS

DHCP POOLS

• GROUPING OF IP ADDRESSES

• EACH SUBNET HAS ITS OWN SCOPE

• SCOPE IS GENERALLY IN SINGLE CONTIGUOUS POOL OF IP ADDRESSES

  • DHCP EXCLUSIONS CAN BE MADE INSIDE OF SCOPE

DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT

• DHCP SERVER HAS BIG POOL OF ADDRESSES TO GIVE OUT

• ADDRESSES RECLAIMED AFTER A LEASE PERIOD

AUTOMATIC ASSIGNMENT

• SIMILAR TO DYNAMIC ALLOCATION

• DHCP SERVER KEEPS A LIST OF PAST ASSIGNMENTS

• ALWAYS GET THE SAME IP ADDRESS

ADDRESS RESERVATION

• LOCK IN IP ADDRESSES FOR THOSE DEVICES IN DHCP SERVER

• ADMINISTRATIVELY CONFIGURED

• CREATE TABLE THAT HAS MAC ADDRESSES OF DEVICES (i.e.) printers, servers)

  • MANUALLY CONFIGURE IP ADDRESS WITHIN DHCP SERVER THAT WILL ALWAYS BE ASSIGNED TO THAT PARTICULAR MAC ADDRESS

T1 TIMER (DHCP RENEWAL)

• NO COMMUNICATION OCCURS BETWEEN DEVICE & DHCP SERVER UNTIL HALF OF THAT LEASE IS COMPLETE

• YOUR DEVICE WILL ATTEMPT TO COMMUNICATE TO DHCP SERVER & RENEW THE LEASE

• 50% OF LEASE TIME BY DEFAULT

T2 TIMER (DHCP RENEWAL)

• ORIGINAL DHCP SERVER IS NO LONGER OPERATING PROPERLY OR HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM NETWORK

• YOUR DEVICE WILL ATTEMPT TO RENEW LEASE WITH ANY AVAILABLE DHCP SERVER THAT’S ON THE NETWORK

• 87.5% OF LEASE TIME BY DEFAULT

DHCP OPTIONS

• SEPARATE FIELD IN DHCP PROCESS THAT ALLOWS US TO CONFIGURE OTHER SETTINGS THAT ARE RELATED TO TCP/IP

• PART OF DHCP RFC

• 256 (254 USABLE) OPTIONS

• SUBNET MASK, DOMAIN NAME SERVER, DOMAIN NAME

• OPTIONS ARE CONFIGURED ON DHCP SERVER

  • NOT ALL DHCP SERVERS SUPPORT OPTION CONFIGURATION

DHCP SERVER

• REQUIRES REDUNDANT DHCP SERVERS

• ONGOING ADMINISTRATION

STATELESS ADDRESSING

• ASSIGN IP ADDRESS TO ITSELF & BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE WITH ANYONE ON THE NETWORK

• NO SEPARATE SERVER KEEPING THE STATE

• NO TRACKING OF IP OR MAC ADDRESS

• LEASE TIMES DON’T EXIST

NEIGHBOR DISCOVERY PROTOCOL (NDP)

• USED FOR IPv6 STATELESS ADDRESSING & OTHER PURPOSES

• NO BROADCAST

• OPERATES MULTICAST OVER ICMPv6

• DISCOVERS ROUTERS

  • ROUTER SOLICITATION (RS) & ROUTER ADVERTISEMENT (RA)

STATELESS ADDRESS AUTOCONFIGURATION (SLAAC)

• AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURE AN IP ADDRESS WITHOUT A DHCP SERVER

• DETERMINE IP PREFIX USING NEIGHBOR DISCOVERY PROTOCOL (NDP)

• USE IP PREFIX WITH MODIFIED EUI-64 ADDRESS

DUPLICATE ADDRESS DETECTION (DAD)

• NO DUPLICATE IP’s

UNSOLICITED RA MESSAGES

• ROUTER CAN ALSO SEND THEIR OWN ADVERTISEMENTS OUT WITHOUT BEING QUERIED

• FROM MULTICAST DESTINATION OF ff02::1