PART 61 FOR PPL CHECKRIDE
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95 Terms
Q: What is FAR 61.1?
Part 61 applicability and important definitions.
Know definitions used throughout pilot certification regulations.
Q: What are important 61.1 definitions for a PPL?
Aeronautical experience
Cross-country
Night
Pilot time
Solo flight time
Pilot in command
Q: What is a cross-country flight under Part 61?
A flight that includes a landing at a point more than 50 NM straight-line distance from the original point of departure.
Some certificate/rating requirements have specific exceptions.
Q: What does FAR 61.2 cover?
Exercise of privileges.
You must comply with the limitations and requirements applicable to your certificate and privileges.
What does FAR 61.3 cover?
Requirements for certificates, ratings, privileges, authorizations, medical certification, and identification.
Q: What must you have available when exercising pilot privileges under 61.3?
Your pilot certificate or qualifying temporary document.
Acceptable photo ID.
Required medical certificate or qualifying alternative when applicable.
Q: What photo ID can a pilot use under 61.3?
Examples include:
State driver’s license
Government ID
Military ID
Passport
Must be acceptable under the regulation.
Q: What does FAR 61.5 cover?
Certificates and ratings issued under Part 61.
Pilot certificates identify the category/class ratings held.
Q: What does FAR 61.13 cover?
Issuance of airman certificates, ratings, and authorizations.
The certificate must be issued in accordance with Part 61.
Q: What does FAR 61.15 cover?
Offenses involving alcohol or drugs.
Certain motor-vehicle actions involving alcohol/drugs must be reported to the FAA.
Q: What does FAR 61.17 cover?
Temporary pilot certificates.
A temporary certificate can authorize exercise of applicable certificate privileges.
Q: What does FAR 61.19 cover?
Duration of pilot certificates and ratings.
Pilot certificates generally do not expire, but privileges require meeting applicable currency requirements.
Q: What does FAR 61.23 cover?
● Medical certificate requirements and duration.
● A private pilot normally needs at least a third-class medical unless operating under an applicable alternative such as BasicMed.
What medical certificate is normally required to exercise PPL privileges?
At least a third-class medical certificate.
BasicMed may be used when all applicable requirements are met.
Q: What does FAR 61.27 cover?
Voluntary surrender of a pilot certificate.
A pilot may surrender a certificate under the conditions specified by the regulation.
Q: What does FAR 61.29 cover?
Replacement of lost, destroyed, or otherwise unavailable airman certificates.
Follow FAA procedures to obtain a replacement.
Q: What does FAR 61.31 cover?
Type ratings and additional training/endorsements.
Includes requirements involving aircraft such as high-performance, complex, tailwheel, and certain other aircraft.
Q: What is a high-performance airplane endorsement?
Required before acting as PIC of a high-performance airplane when the regulation applies.
Training and instructor endorsement are required.
Q: What is a complex airplane endorsement?
Required before acting as PIC of a complex airplane when the regulation applies.
Training and instructor endorsement are required.
Q: What is a tailwheel endorsement?
Required before acting as PIC of a tailwheel airplane unless an exception applies.
Requires appropriate training and endorsement.
Q: Does a C172S normally require a high-performance or complex endorsement?
No.
A standard C172S is not normally a high-performance or complex airplane under the regulatory definitions.
Q: What does FAR 61.33 cover?
Test administration.
It addresses requirements concerning knowledge and practical tests.
Q: What does FAR 61.35 cover?
Knowledge test prerequisites.
For a PPL, you must meet the applicable requirements before taking the FAA knowledge test.
Q: What does FAR 61.39 cover?
Prerequisites for a practical test.
Includes required training, endorsements, knowledge test, and aeronautical experience.
Q: What must a PPL applicant have before the practical test under 61.39?
Required aeronautical experience.
Passed knowledge test.
Required instructor endorsements.
Required training.
Meet applicable eligibility requirements.
Q: What does FAR 61.43 cover?
Practical test procedures.
The examiner evaluates the applicant according to the applicable certification standards.
Q: What happens if you fail a practical test?
The failed areas must be addressed before retesting.
Additional training and an appropriate instructor endorsement may be required.
Q: What does FAR 61.49 cover?
Retesting after failure of a knowledge or practical test.
Additional training and an instructor endorsement may be required as specified.
Q: What does FAR 61.51 cover?
Pilot logbooks and logging flight time.
Know how to properly log PIC, training, solo, cross-country, night, and instrument time.
Q: What is PIC flight time under 61.51?
Time when you meet the regulatory requirements for logging PIC time.
This is not always the same as being the legal acting PIC.
Q: Can you log PIC time as a student pilot?
Yes, when the applicable requirements are met.
A student pilot can log PIC time when the student is the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for which the student is rated.
Q: What does FAR 61.53 cover?
Prohibition on operations during medical deficiency.
You cannot act as PIC or required crewmember when a medical condition or medication makes you unable to meet applicable requirements.
Q: What does FAR 61.55 cover?
Second-in-command qualifications.
Applies when acting as SIC of an aircraft requiring more than one pilot.
Q: What does FAR 61.56 cover?
Flight reviews.
Generally required every 24 calendar months to act as PIC.
Q: What are the basic flight review requirements under 61.56?
At least 1 hour of ground training.
At least 1 hour of flight training.
Must include applicable Part 91 operating/safety rules and maneuvers/procedures selected by the instructor.
Q: What does FAR 61.57 cover?
Recent flight experience and passenger-carrying currency.
Also includes night and instrument currency requirements.
Q: What is daytime passenger currency under 61.57?
Within the preceding 90 days:
3 takeoffs
3 landings
As sole manipulator of the controls.
Same category/class and type if a type rating is required.
Q: What is night passenger currency under 61.57?
Within the preceding 90 days:
3 takeoffs
3 landings
Must be to a full stop.
Must occur from 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise.
Q: What does FAR 61.60 cover?
Change of address.
A certificate holder must notify the FAA of a permanent change of address within the required time.
Q: What does FAR 61.61 cover?
Applicability of requirements for additional aircraft ratings.
Q: What does FAR 61.63 cover?
Requirements for adding aircraft category/class ratings.
Includes knowledge, training, and practical-test requirements.
Q: What does FAR 61.65 cover?
Instrument rating requirements.
Know this generally even though you are currently getting a VFR PPL.
Q: What does FAR 61.81 cover?
Applicability of the student-pilot rules.
Q: What does FAR 61.83 cover?
Student pilot eligibility.
Includes age, English-language, and other eligibility requirements.
Q: What does FAR 61.85 cover?
Application for a student pilot certificate.
Q: What does FAR 61.87 cover?
Student pilot solo requirements.
Includes required training, knowledge test, proficiency, and instructor endorsements.
Q: What must a student pilot demonstrate before solo?
Required aeronautical knowledge.
Satisfactory proficiency and safety.
Required flight training.
Required instructor endorsements.
Q: What does FAR 61.89 cover?
Student pilot limitations.
Includes restrictions on passengers, compensation, visibility, and certain operations.
Q: What is the NWKRAFT student-pilot mnemonic?
N — No passengers
W — No compensation/hire
K — No international flight
R — No furtherance of business
A — Visibility limitations
F — Follow instructor limitations
T — Other applicable limitations
Q: What does FAR 61.93 cover?
Student solo cross-country flight requirements.
Requires appropriate training and instructor endorsements.
Q: Does a normal solo endorsement automatically authorize solo cross-country?
No.
A separate appropriate cross-country endorsement is required.
Q: What does FAR 61.94 cover?
Student pilot requirements for operations involving certain airports with operating control towers.
Q: What does FAR 61.95 cover?
Student pilot requirements for solo flights in Class B airspace.
Requires specific training and endorsement.
Q: What does FAR 61.102 cover?
Applicability of the private-pilot rules.
Q: What does FAR 61.103 cover?
General eligibility requirements for a Private Pilot Certificate.
Q: What is the minimum age for a Private Pilot Certificate in an airplane?
17 years old.
Q: What English-language requirement applies to a PPL applicant?
Must be able to read, speak, write, and understand English.
Medical limitations may result in certificate limitations.
Q: What knowledge-test requirement is in 61.103?
Applicant must pass the required knowledge test covering the applicable 61.105 knowledge areas.
Q: What instructor endorsement is required before the PPL practical test?
An authorized instructor must provide training in the required areas and endorse the applicant as prepared for the practical test.
Q: What does FAR 61.105 cover?
Aeronautical knowledge requirements for the Private Pilot Certificate.
Q: What major knowledge areas are covered by 61.105?
Applicable regulations
Airspace
Weather
Aircraft systems
Performance
Navigation
Aeromedical factors
ADM
Emergency operations
And other PPL knowledge areas.
Q: What does FAR 61.107 cover?
Flight proficiency requirements.
The applicant must demonstrate proficiency in the applicable areas of operation.
Q: What does FAR 61.109 cover?
Aeronautical experience requirements for the Private Pilot Certificate.
Q: What is the minimum total flight time for a PPL airplane single-engine rating?
40 hours minimum.
This includes required dual and solo experience.
Q: How much flight training with an authorized instructor is required under 61.109(a)?
At least 20 hours of flight training
Q: How much solo flight training is required under 61.109(a)?
At least 10 hours of solo flight training in the required areas of operation.
Q: How much cross-country training is required for PPL ASEL?
At least 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a single-engine airplane.
Q: What night training is required for PPL ASEL?
At least 3 hours of night flight training.
Includes a night XC over 100 NM total distance.
Includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop.
Q: What instrument training is required under 61.109(a)?
At least 3 hours of flight training by reference to instruments.
Q: What training must be completed within 2 calendar months before the PPL practical test?
At least 3 hours of flight training in preparation for the practical test.
Q: What solo cross-country experience is required for PPL ASEL?
At least 5 hours of solo cross-country time.
Q: What is the required solo cross-country flight for PPL ASEL?
At least 150 NM total distance.
Full-stop landings at 3 points.
One segment must be more than 50 NM straight-line distance between takeoff and landing points.
Q: What towered-airport experience is required under 61.109(a)?
At least 3 takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop.
Must be at an airport with an operating control tower.
Q: What does FAR 61.110 cover?
Exceptions to certain night-flying requirements for specific certificate categories.
Know that it generally does not remove the normal ASEL PPL night requirement.
Q: What does FAR 61.111 cover?
Special cross-country provisions for pilots based on small islands.
Generally not applicable to a normal mainland PPL applicant.
Q: What does FAR 61.113 cover?
Private pilot privileges and limitations when acting as PIC.
Q: Can a private pilot carry passengers?
Yes.
A private pilot may carry passengers while exercising private-pilot privileges, subject to applicable regulations.
Q: Can a private pilot fly passengers for compensation or hire?
Generally no.
61.113 contains specific exceptions.
Q: Can a private pilot fly for their own business or employment?
Yes, if the flight is only incidental to the business/employment.
The aircraft cannot carry passengers/property for compensation or hire under that exception.
Q: Can a private pilot share operating expenses with passengers?
Yes.
Pilot must pay at least a pro-rata share.
Allowed expenses: fuel, oil, airport expenditures, and rental fees.
Q: What does “pro-rata share” mean?
The pilot must pay at least their proportional share of the allowable operating expenses.
Q: What expenses can be shared under 61.113(c)?
Fuel
Oil
Airport expenditures
Rental fees
Q: Can a private pilot receive compensation for transporting passengers?
Generally no.
Private pilot privileges do not normally permit carrying passengers for compensation or hire.
Q: Can a private pilot fly a charity or community event flight?
Yes, when the operation meets the requirements of 91.146 and 61.113.
Q: What is the key idea behind 61.113 and compensation?
A private pilot cannot generally act as PIC for compensation or hire.
Know the specific exceptions rather than simply memorizing “never.”
Q: What is BasicMed’s relationship to 61.113?
61.113(i) allows certain private pilots to operate without a Part 67 medical certificate when all BasicMed requirements and limitations are met.
Q: What are important BasicMed operating limitations under 61.113(i)?
Aircraft authorized for no more than 7 occupants.
Maximum takeoff weight no more than 12,500 lb.
No more than 6 passengers.
No operation above 18,000 MSL.
No operation outside the U.S. unless authorized.
No more than 250 KIAS.
Q: What BasicMed documents must be available in the logbook?
Completed medical examination checklist.
Required course-completion certificate.
Q: What does FAR 61.115 cover?
Limitations for a private pilot certificate with a balloon rating.
Not normally applicable to a C172S airplane PPL.
Q: What does FAR 61.117 cover?
Private pilot limitations when acting as second in command of an aircraft requiring more than one pilot.
Generally prohibits compensation/hire except as allowed by 61.113.
Q: Which Part 61 regulations should I know especially well for my PPL oral?
61.3 — Certificates/ID/medical
61.23 — Medical
61.31 — Endorsements
61.39 — Checkride prerequisites
61.51 — Logbooks
61.56 — Flight review
61.57 — Currency
61.87 — Student solo
61.89 — Student limitations
61.93 — Solo XC
61.103 — PPL eligibility
61.105 — Knowledge
61.107 — Proficiency
61.109 — Experience
61.113 — PPL privileges
Q: What Part 61 numbers should I immediately recognize in a checkride scenario?
61.3 — What documents do I need?
61.23 — Do I need a medical?
61.31 — Do I need an endorsement?
61.39 — Am I eligible for the checkride?
61.51 — Can I log this flight time?
61.56 — Am I flight-review current?
61.57 — Am I passenger/current?
61.103 — Do I meet PPL eligibility?
61.109 — Have I met experience requirements?
61.113 — Can I legally perform this operation?
Q: What are the big Part 61 topics for a PPL checkride?
Eligibility
Medical
Certificates/ID
Endorsements
Logbooks
Currency
Student limitations
PPL experience
PPL privileges/limitations
Q: What are the key PPL ASEL numbers from 61.109?
40 total hours
20 hours dual
10 hours solo
3 hours XC
3 hours night
3 hours instrument
5 hours solo XC
150 NM solo XC
3 towered takeoffs/landings
3 hours checkride prep within 2 calendar months
Q: What is the easiest way to remember Part 61 for the oral?
61.3 = Documents
61.23 = Medical
61.31 = Endorsements
61.39 = Checkride
61.51 = Logbook
61.56 = Flight review
61.57 = Currency
61.87/89/93 = Student
61.103/105/107/109 = PPL
61.113 = Privileges