Unit 11 Review: Lifespan Development & Geriatric Care

Practice questions and answers covering lifespan development stages, Piaget's cognitive milestones, infant nutrition, and geriatric care concepts including sensory changes, incontinence types, and posture changes.

According to Erikson's psychosocial stages, what stage is experienced during infancy?

Trust vs. Mistrust

What is Erikson's psychosocial stage for toddlers?

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages corresponds to preschool-aged children?

Initiative vs. Guilt

What psychosocial conflict occurs during the school-age stage according to Erikson?

Industry vs. Inferiority

According to Erikson, what psychosocial stage occurs during adolescence?

Identity vs. Role Confusion

What is the psychosocial stage identified by Erikson for older adults?

Integrity vs. Despair

What key cognitive development occurs during Piaget's Sensorimotor stage (ages 0–2)?

Object permanence

What are the characteristic features of Piaget's Preoperational stage (ages 2–7)?

Imaginary play and egocentric thinking

What cognitive abilities develop during Piaget's Concrete Operational stage (ages 7–11)?

Conservation and logical thought

What type of thinking characterizes Piaget's Formal Operational stage (ages 11+)?

Abstract and hypothetical thinking

What do the growth patterns 'cephalocaudal' and 'proximodistal' refer to?

Cephalocaudal refers to development from head to toe, while proximodistal refers to development from the center outward.

What are the guidelines for introducing new foods to an infant, and when do iron stores run out?

Introduce new foods one at a time, 4–7 days apart; iron stores run out around 6 months.

How can caregivers promote healthy development during the toddler stage of Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt?

Let toddlers self-feed, choose clothing, explore safely, and encourage independence without shaming mistakes.

What defines the 'Sandwich Generation'?

Middle adults caring for both aging parents and children, who may feel stress, responsibility, and emotional strain.

What are presbycusis and presbyopia?

Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss, and presbyopia is difficulty seeing up close.

What is the clinical consequence of decreased taste and smell associated with aging?

Lower appetite

What are the core concepts of the Wear-and-Tear, Continuity, and Activity theories of aging?

Wear-and-Tear states the body wears out over time; Continuity states personality stays consistent; Activity states staying active improves life satisfaction.

What precautions should be implemented for patients with dysphagia to prevent aspiration?

Sit upright when eating, take small bites, eat slowly, and use chin-tuck positioning if it may help.

How do stress incontinence and urge incontinence differ?

Stress incontinence is leakage with a cough or sneeze, whereas urge incontinence is a sudden intense need to void.

What distinguishes overflow incontinence from functional incontinence?

Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder doesn't empty fully, while functional incontinence occurs when physical barriers prevent reaching the toilet.

What is kyphosis, and what respiratory complication can it cause?

Kyphosis is the forward rounding of the upper spine, which can reduce lung expansion and lead to breathing difficulty.