Hydrosphere

Smith 8 hydrosphere vocab

Hydrosphere

All the water on earth or in the atmosphere

River Basin

A group of interconnected watersheds

Watershed

Area of land that drains water to the lowest point

Estuary

An area where freshwater and salt water meet

Surface Current

A movement of water that moves horizontally or parallel to the earth by the wind

Coriolis effect

shifting of wind and waters due to earths rotation

Gulf stream

flows up the U.S. east coast and keeps britain and northern europe clime mild

upwelling

When deep cold water is brought to the surface, along coast

Density current

when a mass of seawater circulates because of density differences

Intertidal zone

extreme ecosystem, constant drastic changes, located on marine coastlines, rocky shores and sandy beaches

Surface zone

lots of life, 64 degrees, highest salinity concentration, least amount of pressure, has heat and light

deep zone

light comes from bioluminescence, 35 degrees, least amount of salt, highest pressure

transition zone

39 degrees, less salt, pressure is rising

Azoic

without animals

Microbrial communities

live at hydrothermal vents, do chemosynthesis, chemical changing, and is bottom of the food change

cold seep

a brine pool that contains methane gas

groundwater

water that infiltrates into the earth and is stored in usable amounts in the soil and rock below the earths surface

surface water

water found above the surface of the land, including lake, rivers, streams, and ponds

recharge

the addition of water to the ground

discharge

the flow or pumping of water from the ground

point source pollution

pollution directly from the source into water

non point source pollution

pollution associated with stormwater or runoff

percolation

water moving downward through openings in the soil

porous

having small spaces or holes through which liquid or air may pass through

porosity

measure of how much of a rock is open space

permeable

describes a substance which liquids or gases can pass

saturated

full of a substance

aquifer

an area underground which holds lots of water which can be pumped from a well

potable water

water that is safe to drink

factors for good water quality

PH 7, DO HIGH, TEMP LOW, TURBIDITY LOW, NITRATES AND PHOSPHATES 0

Clean water act

provides structure for what pollutants can be in the water to regulate quality

bioindicators

living organisms that tell the quality of the water

macroinveretebrates

insect like animals with no backbone that can be seen by the naked eye

oxygen

negative part of water

hydrogen

positive part of water

cohesion

attraction between particles of the same substance

adhesion

attraction between two different substances

capillary actions

water molecules will tow each other along when in a thin glass tube

high specific heat

amount of heat needed to raise or lower 1g of a substance 1 degrees celsius

high heat of vaporization

amount of energy to convert 1g or a substance from a liquid to a gas, hydrogen bonds must be broken

crystal like lattice

frozen water forms a ____ whereby molecules are set at fixed distance. this means they are farther apart as a solid than a liquid.