Bone exam

Periosteum

outer surface

endosteum

inner

articulations

joint surfaces depressions and bumps

projections

raised above main surface

Compact bone

dense outer layer all bones

spongy bone

red and yellow bone marrow

trabeculae

plates of bones

proximal ephysis

end region

diaphysis

middle shaft

spongy bone

inner

articular cartilage

hyaline

compact bone

outer

epiphyseal line

replaces the growing cartilage plate in long bones after puberty

medullary cavity

adult yellow bone marrow

endosteum

dense irregular connective tissue

peforating

attach periosteum to bone tissue

flat bone

bone marrow between trabeculae

function of bones

support, protection, anchorage, mineral storage, blood cell formation, fat storage, hormone production

support

supports body and cradles soft organs

protection

protects vital organs (thoracic)

anchorage

muscle to bone attachment

mineral storage

reservoir for minerals calcium and phosphorus

blood cell formation

hemapoeisis in red bone marrow

fat storage

yellow marrow

hormone production

homeostasis, insulin release , regulates glucose

perichondrium

keeps structures appropriately sized and shaped

long bone

ex: humerus, longer than they are wide

irregular bone

ex: vertebrae unique shape

flat bones

ex: sternum flat, skull, breast plate

short bone

ex: talus similar dimensions carpals and tarsals

lamella

tube of bone

osteogenic

makes other bone cells

osteoblasts

stem cells matrix other cells

osteocytes

mature maintain matrix

oateoclasts

breakdown bone matrix

collagen fibers

fibroblasts