PSY Ch 9 & 6 - Review Questions

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The view that development is a cumulative process, gradually adding to the same type of skills is known as __.

continuous development

Development psychologists study human growth and development across three domains. Which of the following is not one of these domains?

psychological

How is lifespan development defined?

The study of how we grow and change from conception to death.

The idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists is called __.

object permanence

Which theorist proposed that moral thinking proceeds through a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg

According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, what is the main task of the adolescent?

forming an identity

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?

zygote, embryo, fetus

The time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop is known as __.

critical period

What begins as a single-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge at conception?

zygote

Using scissors to cut out paper shapes is an example of __.

fine motor skills

The child uses the parent as a base from which to explore her world in which attachment style?

secure

The frontal lobes become fully developed __.

by 25 years old

Who created the very first modern hospice?

Cicely Saunders

Which of the following is the order of stages in Kubler-Ross’s five-stage model of grief?

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Which of the following is an example of a reflex that occurs at some point in the development of a human being?

infant sucking on a nipple

Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that __.

occurs as a result of experience

Two forms of associative learning are __ and __.

classical conditioning; operant conditioning

In __ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior.

classical conditioning

A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a(n) __.

neutral stimulus

In Watson and Rayner’s experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates __.

stimulus generalization

Extinction occurs when __.

the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

In Pavlov’s work with dogs, the psychic secretions were __.

conditioned responses

__ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.

negative punishment

Which of the following is not an example of a primary reinforcer?

money

Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is __.

shaping

Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

The person who preforms a behavior that serves as an example is called a __.

model

In Bandura’s Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they __.

kicked and threw the doll

Which is the correct order of steps in the modeling process?

attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

Who proposed observational learning?

Albert Bandura