AREN CONS Midterm 2

The cellular structure of wood consists mainly of

a. hollow, small, approximately spherical cells

b. solid, small, approximately spherical cells

c. hollow, small, approximately ellipsoidal cells

d. hollow, long, tubular cells

e. either c or d

hollow, long, tubular cells

If we cut a cross section through a tree trunk, we will see a number of rings. The most appropriate term for these rings is

a. annual rings

b. growth rings

c. concentric rings

d. eccentric rings

e. all of the above

growth rings

Lumber used for structural framing of buildings in North America is generally derived

a. from softwood species

b. from hardwood species

c. from both softwoods and hardwoods, depending on the price of the lumber

d. from both softwood nd hardwoods, depending on the time of the year

from softwood species

Hardwoods are generally used for fine-quality flooring, furniture, and wall paneling.

a. true

b. false

true

In a 2×6 stud, the wood grain is parallel to the

a. vertical direction

b. 2-in. dimension

c. 6-in. dimension

vertical dimension

Wood is

a. stronger along the grain than across the grain

b. stronger across the grain than along the grain

c. equally strong in both directions of the grain

stronger along the grain than across the grain

Structural lumber is typically

a. flat-sawn

b. quarter-sawn

c. either a or b, depending on the type of structural lumber

flat-sawn

Flat-sawn lumber is dimensionally more stable than quarter-sawn lumber.

a. true

b. false

false

Which of the following terms means the same as quarter-sawn?

a. tangentially sawn

b. radially sawn

radially sawn

Fungal decay in wood occurs when the moisture content in wood is

a. greater than or equal to 15%

b. greater than or equal to 20%

c. greater than or equal to 25%

d. between 15% and 25%

e. none of the above

greater than or equal to 20%

The moisture content in a piece of lumber has been measured to be 15%. According to the wood industry, this piece of lumber will be classified as

a. dry

b. green

c. wet

d. moist

dry

The term S-DRY implies that the lumber has been

a. stored in a dry climate

b. sawed when its moisture content was ≤25%

c. surfaced when its moisture content was ≤25%

d. sawed when its moisture content was ≤19%

e. surfaced when its moisture content was ≤19%

surfaced when its moisture content was ≤19%

A 10-ft-long stud was installed in position when the wood’s moisture content was 19%. During a long dry spell, the wood’s moisture content became 8%. The new stud length will be

a. approximately 9 ft 10 in

b. approximately 9 ft 10 ½ in

c. approximately 9 ft 11 in

d. approximately the same as the initial stud length of 10 ft

e. none of the above

approximately the same as the initial stud length of 10 ft

Which of the following is not a lumber grade?

a. No. 1

b. No. 2

c. No. 3

d. No, 4

e. Construction

No. 4

Which of the following grades can only be used as blocking?

a. No. 1

b. No. 2

c. Construction

d. Utility

e. Standard

Utility

Preservative-treated lumber is effective

a. only against termite attack

b. only against fungal attack

d. against both fungi and termites

against both fungi and termites

A termite shield is generally made of

a. asphalt-treated felt

b. galvanized sheet steel

c. lead sheet

d. kraft paper

galvanized sheet steel

The most common use of glulam members is in

a. structural panels

b. long-span beams

c. short-span beams

d. none of the above

long-span beams

A glulam member

a. must be made using long, continuous lengths of high-grade sawn lumber

b. is generally stronger and stiffer than sawn lumber of the same dimensions

c. requires complete protection from exterior elements due to its water-soluble adhesive

d. none of the above

e. all of the above

is generally stronger and stiffer than sawn lumber of the same dimensions

Unbalanced beams can be used only as single-span beams

a. true

b. false

true

Balanced glulam beams are mandated for

a. continuous beams

b. single-span beams

c. beams with an overhang

d. both a and c

e. both b and c

both a and c

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is

a. produced by gluing together wood veneers that are approximately 1/8 in thick.

b. generally used as floor joists and beams

c. glued with all veneers running in the same direction

d. stronger along the grain and weaker across the grain

e. all of the above

all of the above

Characteristics of a truss include

a. greater spanning capability than a sawn lumber beam having the same amount of material

b. individual members joined together to form an array of interconnected rectangular frames

c. individual members joined together to form an array of triangular frames

d. both a and b

e. both a and c

both a and c

Nail plates, used to join members of a truss, are generally used only on one face of the truss

a. true

b. false

false

Plywood panels are made by gluing under heat and pressure layers of

a. wood veneers so that the wood grain in all layers is in the same direction

b. wood veneers so that the wood grains in adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other

c. shredded wood strands so that the strands in all layers are in the same direction

d. shredded wood strands so that the strands in adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other

wood veneers so that the wood grains in adjacent layer are perpendicular to each other

Cross-grained makes a plywood panel

a. dimensionally more stable

b. less likely to split than solid sawn lumber

c. stronger in the same direction of face veneer grains

d. all of the above

e. both a and c

all of the above

Plywood panels should be placed with their longer dimension

a. parallel to rafters or joists

b. perpendicular to rafters or joists

c. diagonal to rafters or joists

d. either a or b

e. either a or c

perpendicular to rafters or joists

With respect to veneer quality, softwood plywood is graded in grades

a. A to C

b. B to D

c. A to D

d. A to E

e. B to F

A to D

An OSB panel generally has greater shear strength than a plywood panel of the same size and thickness

a. true

b. false

true

Several different types of nails are used in wood frame construction. They are typically distinguished from each other by the

a. nail head and nail shank

b. nail head and nail tip

c. nail tip and nail shank

d. nail head and type of threads

e. none of the above

nail head and nail shank

Nails work best when they are subjected to

a. shear

b. tension

shear

Which of the following nailed connections is the strongest?

a. face nailing

b. toe nailing

c. end nailing

face nailing

Nail popping is primarily a problem in floor sheathing and is caused by the shrinkage of floor sheathing.

a. true

b. false

false

Joist hangers are steel connectors

a. that connect floor joists with a supporting beam

b. that connect floor joists with the supporting wall

c. that connect floor joists with floor sheathing

d. all of the above

that connect floor joists with a supporting beam

When WLF was first discovered, it was called a

a. balloon frame

b. rigid frame

c. skeleton frame

d. platform frame

e. portal frame

balloon frame

In the early versions of WLF construction, the studs were continuous from the foundation to the roof

a. true

b. false

true

In time, the early version of WLF construction was modified to what is now called a

a. ballon frame

b. rigid frame

c. skeleton frame

d. platform frame

e. portal frame

platform frame

The framing members in a WLF building are generally

a. 1-by solid members

b. 2- by solid members

c. 3-by solid members

d. 4-by solid members

e. none of the above

2- by solid members

The top plate in a WLF wall generally consists of

a. one 2-by member

b. two 2-by members

c. three 2-by members

d. any of the above, depending on architectural considerations

e. none of the above

two 2-by members

The bottom plate in a WLF wall is called

a. a sill plate

b. a sole plate

c. both a and b are synonymous terms

d. either a or b depending on the location of the wall

either a or b depending on the location of the wall

A corner made by two WLF walls must have at least

a. two studs

b. three studs

c. four studs

d. five studs

e. six studs

three studs

A jack stud is always accompanied by a king stud.

a. true

b. false

true

A header over an opening bears directly on

a. cripple studs

b. jack studs

c. king studs

d. common studs

jack studs

The primary purpose of full-depth blocking in a floor frame is to

a. reduce compressive stresses in floor joists

b. prevent buckling of floor joists

c. reduce tensile stresses in floor joists

d. give additional nailing surface for a gypsum board ceiling

e. give additional nailing surface for floor sheathing

prevent buckling of floor joists

Blocking between floor joists is required where

a. the joists bear on a wall

b. the joists bear on a beam

c. the joists are hung on a beam using joist hangers

d. all of the above

e. both a and b

both a and b

A floor in a WLF building that supports a non-load-bearing wall generally requires no additional strengthening or stiffening when

a. the wall runs parallel to floor joists

b. the wall runs perpendicular to floor joists

the wall runs perpendicular to floor joists

In the building industry, the slope of a roof is generally expressed

a. in degrees

b. in radians

c. as a rise-to-run ratio

d. as a run-to-rise ratio

e. none of the above

as a rise-to-run ratio

The most commonly used material for floor sheathing in a wood light-frame building is

a. 1×4 lumber

b. OSB panels

c. high-density fiber board panels

d. high-density fiber board panels laminated to gypsum board

e. gypsum board panels

OSB panels

Metal clips used to connect roof sheathing panels are generally

a. H-shaped

b. U-shaped

c. V-shaped

d. either U- or V-shaped

H-shaped

A wood light-frame building is essentially a

a. load-bearing-wall structure.

b. frame structure.

load-bearing-wall structure

Horizontal siding is provided on

a. the walls of a wood light-frame building

b. the eave of a wood light-frame building

c. the rake of a wood light-frame building

d. the roof of a wood light-frame building

the walls of a wood light-frame building

Fiber-cement siding is

a. noncombustible but prone to fungal decay

b. combustible and prone to fungal decay

c. noncombustible and not prone to fungal decay

d. none of the above

noncombustible and not prone to fungal decay

Gypsum board is one of the best materials for fire protection because

a. it is noncombustible

b. it is heat-treated during its manufacture

c. each molecule of gypsum contains two molecules of water that retard the progress of fire

d. each molecule of gypsum contains two molecules of carbon dioxide that retard the progress of fire

each molecule of gypsum contains two molecules of water that retard the progress of fire

Of Types R and X gypsum board panels, both of the same thickness, Type R is more fire resistive.

a. true

b. false

false

High-impact gypsum board panels generally have a

a. steel lining at the back side

b. aluminum foil lining at the back side

c. fiberglass mesh at the back side

d. plastic sheet at the back side

e. none of the above.

fiberglass mesh at the back side

Gypsum sheathing is generally used on the

a. exterior side of an exterior stud wall

b. interior side of an exterior stud wall

c. exterior side of an exterior masonry wall

d. interior side of an exterior masonry wall

exterior side of an exterior stud wall

In a SIP, the insulation generally consists of

a. fiberglass

b. extruded polystyrene

c. polyisocyanurate

d. polyurethane

e. expanded polystyrene

expanded polystyrene

The facing in a SIP generally consists of

a. OSB on both faces

b. OSB on the exterior face and gypsum board on the interior face

c. plywood on the exterior face and gypsum board on the interior face

d. plywood on the exterior face and OSB on the interior face

e. none of the above

OSB on both faces

In a SIP structure, the interior walls are constructed of 4 ft×8 ft SIP panels.

a. true

b. false

false

Adjacent structural insulated wall panels in a SIP building are connected through

a. 2-by lumber studs

b. engineered lumber splines

c. OSB splines

d. any one of the above

e. special sheet metal connectors

any of the above

A corner between structural insulated wall panels in a SIP building requires

a. a minimum of four 2-by lumber studs

b. a minimum of three 2-by lumber studs

c. a minimum of two 2-by lumber studs

d. a minimum of one 2-by lumber stud

e. no 2-by lumber studs.

a minimum of two 2-by lumber studs

In a SIP structure, an intermediate floor may be framed with any one of the following except

a. 2-by lumber members

b. wood I-joists

c. wood trussed joists

d. SIP panels

e. all of the above (without exception)

SIP panels

A SIP manufacturer generally supplies standard-size panels, which must be cut to size at the site as required byproject drawings.

a. true

b. false

false

An integrated mill produces steel using 

a. steel scrap

b. iron ore

c. 25% to 50% iron ore plus 25% to 50% scrap

d. none of the above

iron ore

Slag is 

a. a waste product generated from the manufacture of steel

b. the ore used for making steel

c. the ore used for making aluminum

d. a ferrous metal that has been replaced by steel

a waste product generated from the manufacture of steel

Which of the following statements is true? 

a. all structural steel sections are made from billets or blooms that are rolled to shape at room temperature

b. all structural steel sections are made by preheating steel sheets and bending them to the required cross sections

c. all structural steel sections are made by bending steel sheets to the required cross sections at room temperature

d. all structural steel sections are made by preheating billets or blooms and rolling them to shape.

all structural steel sections are made by preheating billets or blooms and rolling them to shape

A W-shape section is so called because 

a.     it is an I-section with wide flanges

b.     it is an I-section with a wide web

c.      its cross-sectional shape resembles the letter W

d.     it is a rectangular section whose width is larger than its depth

it is an I-section with wide flanges

Which of the following steel shapes is most commonly used for the structural frame of buildings? 

a.     HP-shape 

b.     S-shape 

c.      M-shape 

d.     W-shape 

e.     C-shape 

W-shape

The designation W14×38 means that the 

a.     width of the section is 14 in. and the depth is 38 in

b.     depth of the section is 14 in. and the width is 38 in

c.      depth of the section is 14 in. and its weight is 38 lb/ft

d.     nominal depth of the section is 14 in. and its weight is 38 lb/ft

e.     none of the above

nominal depth of the section is 14 in. and its weight is 38 lb/ft

In a steel angle, both legs must have the same thickness but may be of different lengths. 

a.     true 

b.     false 

true

Steel joists are braced against instability by 

a.     horizontal bridging members at the bottom of the joists

b.     horizontal bridging members at the top of the joists

c.     both a or b

d.     both a and b 

e.     none of the above

both a and b

Steel floor decks are either form decks or composite decks. 

a.     true 

b.     false 

true

Which of the following decks requires structural concrete topping? 

a.     form deck 

b.     composite deck 

c.      floor deck 

d.     all of the above 

e.     none of the above 

all of the above

Roof decks are anchored to supporting members by continuous welds along the support lines. 

a.     true 

b.     false 

false

The preliminary framing layout of a steel-frame building is generally presented in 

a.     three-dimensional view

b.     elevation view

c.      plan view

d.     all of the above

e.     none of the above

plan view

A snug-tight connection between framing members is obtained by 

a.     welding the members together using arc welding

b.     welding the members together using gas welding

c.      bolting the members and tightening them with a spud wrench

d.     bolting the members and tightening them with a spud wrench using full force

e.     none of the above

bolting the members and tightening them with a spud wrench using full force

Field bolting of steel members is generally preferred over field welding. 

a.     true 

b.     false 

true

A shear connection between a steel beam and a steel column is also called 

a.     a simple connection

b.     a rigid connection

c.      a semirigid connection

d.     an AISC Type I connection

e.     none of the above

a simple connection

A shear connection between a steel beam and a steel column can be made without connecting beam flanges to the column. 

a.     true 

b.     false 

true

A rigid connection between a steel beam and a steel column can be made without connecting beam flanges to the column. 

a.     true 

b.     false 

false

In a column splice detail, a butt plate is required when 

a.     the upper-story column is much smaller in cross-section than the lower-story column

b.     the upper-story column is much larger in height than the lower-story column

c.      the upper-story column is the same cross-section as the lower-story column

d.     the upper-story column has the same cross-sectional dimensions as the lower-story column

e.     none of the above

the upper-story column is much smaller in cross-section than the lower-story column

A steel column may or may not need a base plate at the bottom. 

a.     true 

b.     false 

false

Which of the two—a rigid frame or a braced frame—provides greater structural stiffness, that is, greater lateral stability? 

a.     rigid frame 

b.     braced frame 

braced frame

In a braced-frame steel structure, the braced bays 

a.     should be provided only on the exterior facade of the building

b.     should be provided only in the interior of the building

c.      should be provided on both the exterior facade and the interior of the building

d.     may be provided on the exterior facade or the interior of the building

e.     may be provided on the exterior facade, the interior of the building, or both

may be provided on the exterior facade, the interior of the building, or both

Cold-formed steel (CFS) is used in load-bearing walls, non-load-bearing walls, floors, and roofs. 

a.     true 

b.     false 

true

The amount of corrosion protection required in CFS members is generally 

a.     CP30

b.     CP40

c.      CP50

d.     CP60

e.     varies with the application

varies with the application

The yield strength of CFS members used in load-bearing applications is generally 

a.     20 ksi

b.     30 ksi

c.      40 ksi

d.     50 ksi

e.     none of the above

50 ksi

A 20-gauge sheet steel is thicker than 22-gauge sheet steel. 

a.     true 

b.     false 

true

In the identification mark on a CFS member “362S125-30 (33) G40”, the number 125 implies that 

a.     it is a 125-in.-depth member

b. it is a 1.25-in.-width member

c. none of the above

it is a 1.25-in.-width member

In the identification mark on a CFS member “362S125-30 (33) G40”, the number 362 implies that 

a.     it is a 3.62-in.-depth member

b.     it is a 362-in.-width member

c.     none of the above

it is a 3.62-in.-depth member

The EQ studs 

a.     use less steel

b.     are more fire resistive

c.      provide greater sound insulation

d.     all of the above

e.     either a and b

all of the above

The strength of sheet steel used for making EQ studs is 

a.     33 ksi

b.     40 ksi

c.      50 ksi

d.     greater than 50 ksi

e.     less than 33 ksi

greater than 50 ksi

If the gypsum board in a CFS interior partition extends the full height of the partition (i.e., from top track to bottom track) on both sides, the partition is considered as 

a.     fully braced

b.     braced 12 in. on center if the stud spacing is 12 in

c.      braced 16 in. on center if the stud spacing is 16 in

d.     braced 24 in. on center if the stud spacing is 24 in

e.     unbraced

fully braced

Two types of buildings with load-bearing CFS walls have been identified in this text: (a) CFS buildings as Type V(B) construction and (b) CFS buildings as Type II(A) construction. The distinction between the two is primarily based on the 

a.     type of materials used in floor and roof assemblies

b.     size of CFS studs

c.      corrosion protection of CFS members

d.     extent of prefabrication used in construction

e.     none of the above

type of materials used in floor and roof assemblies

CFS walls are assembled on site on the floor of the building and subsequently tilted up and moved into position. 

a.     true 

b.     false 

false

The corner of a load-bearing CFS wall requires a minimum of 

a.     five studs

b.     four studs

c.      three studs

d.     two studs

three studs

In-line framing in a CFS structure means that 

a.     the studs must be continuous across an intermediate floor

b.     the floor joists must align with the studs in the underlying supporting wall

c.      the floor joists from two opposite directions of an underlying supporting wall must be in line, not staggered

d.     the floor-to-floor height in a two- or three-story structure must be the same

the floor joists must align with the studs in the underlying supporting wall

The benefit of using load-bearing CFS framing instead of load-bearing wood frame in seismic zones is the 

a.     lighter weight of CFS framing

b.     ductility of steel

c.      greater strength of CFS members

d.     both b and c

e.     all a, b, and c

all a, b, and c

CFS members are made from sheet steel that is provided with corrosion protection before it is formed into shape. 

a.     true 

b.     false 

true

W-shape, S-shape, HP-shape, and M-shape are all structural steel I-sections.

a.     true

b.     false

true