Oral Embryology+Histology midterm review

The mandible is formed from which pharyngeal arch?

FIRST

Which type of bone formation occurs through a tight matrix of collagen fibers, which slowly calcify into bone?

Intramembranous

(T/F): Spindles present during mitosis are attached to centromeres.

FALSE

Each tissue originates from mesoderm, EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

Liver

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized as the initial resting stage?

G1 phase

Myotome produces which of the following types of tissue?

Muscle

Posttranslational modifications to proteins produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum are accomplished by __________.

Golgi apparatus

(T/F): The information in mRNA is translated by ribosomes located on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

TRUE

Which hormone is produced by the placenta?

Progesterone

Developmental abnormalities are not associated with which number of chromosomes?

46 (the normal # of chromosomes)

(T/F): The cell may contain more than one nucleolus.

TRUE

(T/F): The foramen ovale closes during the third week of prenatal life.

FALSE

The _______ provides an ideal environment for the implantation and growth of the embryo.

Endometrium

(T/F): Smooth muscle is consciously controlled.

FALSE

(T/F): The umbilical system carries oxygenated blood.

TRUE

Which chemical is called the second messenger?

cAMP

(T/F): Blood provides protection from bacteria.

TRUE

How does epithelial tissue renew itself?

Mitosis of the basal cells

Connective tissue proper is classified as ______________.

Dense, loose, or loose w/ special properties

Which of the following is not a type of cartilage?

Dense

Which organ system is the largest?

Integumentary

Which organ is part of the lymphatic system?

Thymus

Impulses conducted from the periphery of the body (e.g., muscles, glands) to the central nervous system (CNS) are conducted through which system?

AFFERENT

Buccal mucosa renews itself in ____ days.

10-14 days

Which cell supports the nervous system?

Neuroglia

Which is true regarding the central nervous system (CNS)?

The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord

Internal organs (viscera) receive most of their neural impulses from which nervous system?

Autonomic

Neuroglia cells are __________ numerous than neurons.

Significantly more

Each of the following is a function of the large intestine EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

Reduce food to liquid chime

Which body system relies on neural stimuli to function?

ENDOCRINE

Blood is an example of which of the following four primary types of tissue?

Connective

Each of the following sutures is a facial suture EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

Sagittal

(T/F): Meckel's cartilage acts as a framework for the developing mandible.

TRUE

The face develops in the ____________ prenatal weeks.

Fourth to seventh

The superior parathyroid develops from the ________ pharyngeal pouch, whereas the inferior parathyroid develops from the _______.

Fourth, third

In the first 20 weeks, the prenatal mandible articulates with which bone(s)?

Incus and malleus

The thymus gland arises from which branchial arch?

III

(T/F): The mandible develops from the second branchial arch.

FALSE

The ultimobranchial body is the origin of which hormone?

Calcitonin

The heart begins beating at the end of which week?

Fourth

Which type of bone protects the brain?

Membrane

(T/F): The nasal capsule contains the organ of smell.

TRUE

The stomodeum first appears in the __________ week of prenatal development.

Fourth

(T/F): Facial muscles develop from the second pharyngeal arch.

TRUE

Which of the following arises from the first pharyngeal arch?

Tissues that form the cheeks

A cleft may occur in the _______.

Lip, palate, mandible

(T/F): Cleft palate is the most common facial malformation.

FALSE

(T/F): Epithelial cysts occasionally arise along the path of thyroid descent.

TRUE

In the fifth week, the frontal process becomes known as the:

Frontonasal process

The second pharyngeal arch is also known as the __________ arch.

Hyoid

Auricular hillocks develop near which location?

External ear canal

Palatal development occurs during the __________ weeks of gestation.

Seventh to ninth

The thyroid gland descends to the front of the trachea, attached to the tongue by the thyroglossal ________.

DUCT

The word for programmed cell death during palatal shelf elevation and closure is

Apoptosis

(T/F): Palatal shelf elevation occurs slowly, over the course of several weeks.

FALSE

Which best defines the term nasal fin?

Zone of fusion that binds the maxillary and medial processes

(T/F): Development of the upper lip depends on fusion of the philtrum and maxillary processes.

TRUE

Each of the following is part of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

Foramen cecum

A combination of genetic and _____ factors are associated with palatal and facial clefts.

Environmental

(T/F): The eyes move to the front of the face in the sixth week of prenatal development.

TRUE

Meckel's cartilage provides structure for the developing _______.

Mandible

(T/F): The muscles of facial expression arise from the hyoid arch.

TRUE

The face develops in the ____________ prenatal weeks.

Fourth to seventh

Which bones support the palatine shelf?

Maxillary

(T/F): Branchial clefts may be found along the anterior border of the trapezius muscle.

FALSE

Which gland regulates the body's calcium balance?

Parathyroid

Which type of facial suture has a beveled or overlapping junction?

Squamosal

(T/F): The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) provides taste sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue.

FALSE

(T/F): The nasal capsule contains the organ of smell.

TRUE

Which branchial arches form the hyoid bone?

II and III

(T/F): Bilateral nasal placodes appear in the seventh week of gestation.

FALSE

The thyroid gland originates from the:

FORAMEN CECUM

Each cranial nerve innervates the tongue, EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

VIII

(T/F): The tongue's immovable base develops from the first branchial arch.

FALSE

Which significant change occurs in the fifth prenatal week?

The bilateral placodes develop into nostrils.

The oral and nasal cavities are separated by the:

PALATE

In which direction do the palatine shelves grow on contact with the tongue in the seventh prenatal week?

Downward

(T/F): White males develop a cleft lip more often than white females.

TRUE

(T/F): The eyes move to the front of the face in the sixth week of prenatal development.

TRUE

(T/F): Epithelial cysts occasionally arise along the path of thyroid descent.

TRUE

A swelling that opens on the surface of the neck is called a thyroglossal _________.

Fistula