Water and its properties AP Bio U2

Oxygen is highly ___

electronegative

electronegative meaning

Has a tendency to pull electrons closer to the nucleus

Oxygen being highly electronegative leads to…

Oxygen and hydrogens to share electrons unequally in their covalent bonds

Bond that joins O and H:

Polar covalent bond

water molecules are:

polar

polar meaning

Uneven distribution of electrical charge

Oxygen has a partial ___ charge

negative

Hydrogen has a partial ___ charge

positive

Hydrogen bond meaning

an intermolecular force where 2 polar molecules are attracted to eachother

Hydrogen bonds can form between 2 ___ ___

polar molecules

Water can hydrogen bond with: ___ or ___

Water molecules or with another type of polar molecule

Water’s special properties are caused by its ___ and water’s ability to form ___

polarity, hydrogen bonds

Properties of water

Cohesion/adhesion, surface tension, capillary action, solid is less dense than liquid, high solvency, high specific heat capacity, high heat of vaporization

cohesion meaning

Water is attracted to other water molecules (hydrogen bonds)

Adhesion meaning

water is attracted to other polar/changed molecules (hydrogen bonds)

capillary action

describes water moving up a tube, against gravity

Ice has the most hydrogen bonds, which spreads the water molecules out to form a:

lattice

lower temperature leads to slower movements leads to…

more hydrogen bonds

water is most dense in a ___ state

liquid

High solvency meaning

Water is polar and interacts with polar and charged substances - these molecules are easily dissolved in water

High heat capacity meaning

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1 Celsius

Water has the highest heat capacity of any liquid because

it has a large amount of hydrogen bonds

Heat of vaporization meaning

the energy required to transform a substance from liquid into gas