Advanced Physical Science Chapter 12 study guide

Force

a push or pull on a object

the unit for force in the SI system

newton(N)

law of inertia(Newtons first law)(memorized)

the law that states that objects at rest remain at rest and objects in motion continue in a straight line at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force

law of acceleration(Newtons second law)

the law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and is inversely proportional to its mass

law of acceleration formula

Force(F) = mass(m) x acceleration(a)

the acceleration of an object

equals to the net force of an object

law of action-reaction(Newtons third law)

law states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force

tension

A pulling force that is transmitted through a rope, chain, or similar object

contact force

a force that acts only when one object touches another

Field force

a force that acts between objects that are not touching; also called force at a distance

The principal field forces

Gravitational, magnetic, and electric forces

Balanced force

no net force/has a net force of zero(does not change the motion of an object)

unbalanced force

change in motion must be initiated by a unbalanced force/ the net force vector equals to the sum of all the forces acting on it

free body diagram

a sketch that shows an object and the forces acting on it; also called a force diagram( long arrow = more magnitude; short arrow = less magnitude

normal force

the force that acts in a direction that is perpendicular to the surface where two objects make contact

Gravity

a field force that acts between the masses of any two objects

Gravity formula

Fg= G x m1(m2)

———————-

r2

Weight(W)

a product of both our mass and acceleration due to gravity

weight formula

Weight(W) = mass(m) x gravitational constant(g)

Friction

A contact force that works against the motion of objects trying to move past each other

static friction

objects that are attempting to move but are not yet in motion relative to each other

sliding friction

The friction that exists between two objects in motion relative to each other

rolling friction

Wheels rolls, greatly reducing the friction force between two objects

centripetal force

a force that accelerates an object toward the center of a circular path

Centripetal force example

gravity holding the planets in orbit around the sun

Four fundamental forces

gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, weak nuclear

strong nuclear force

holds protons and neutrons together(the strongest)

weak nuclear force

holds together elementary particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons

Gravity(fundamental forces)

the weakest of the fundamental forces

electromagnetic forces

exist between electrically charged particles