lecture 16: How viruses break the rules

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6 Terms

1
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Describe viruses?

  • Smaller than human cells

  • Borrow life from host cell in order to replicate

  • Nucleic acid inside a protein capsid

  • Some have envelope (membrane)


2
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Describe function of virus capsid?

Protect from

  • Physical damage

  • Chemical damage

  • Enzymatic damage

  • Interaction with host cell - if there is no envelope


3
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Describe why viruses would be considered living organisms?

  • Replicate to produce

  • Evolved through mutation and natural selection

  • Each contain DNA or RNA

  • Only replicate in living cells


4
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Describe stages of virus lifecycle?

  1. Attachment - attach to host cell

  2. Penetration - requires receptors, occurs through fusion

  3. Uncoating - capsid comes off to release genetic material


  1. Transcription/ translation - mRNA is made

  2. Genome replication - make more of itself


  1. Assembly - mRNA and genome come together

  2. Release - can lead to death of host cell


5
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Describe by viruses break rules?

  1. Reverse transcription - use enzyme called reverse transcriptase, RNA to DNA

  2. RNA replication - copy their own RNA genomes using RNA dependant polymerase, abnormal

  3. Genomes that skip DNA - RNA is permanent genetic material


6
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Examples of viruses that break central dogma of molecular biology?

  • Poliovirus - postive sense single stranded RNA virus - runs without any DNA

  • HIV - Reverse transcription