Personality Review

Personality

The patterns of feelings, motives, and behavior that set people apart from one another

Trait

An aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable

Gordon Alfport

The psychologist who suggested that traits can be inherited and are fixed in the nervous system

Raymond Cattell

The psychologist who identified 16 source traits that he believed gives rise to all human traits

Hans Eysenck

The psychologist who proposed two personality dimensions: introversion-extroversion and stability-instability

Sigmund Freud

The psychologist who proposed the “inner conflict” approach to personality theory

Id

According to Freud, the structure of the mind that demands instant gratification

Superego

According to Freud, the structure of the mind that demands morality

Repression

Defense mechanism that removes anxiety-causing ideas from conscious awareness by pushing them into the unconscious

Denial

Defense mechanism in which a person refuses to accept the reality of anything that is bad

Oral

According to Freud, the first stage of psychological development

Carl Jung

The psychiatrist who proposed the idea of the collective unconscious

Collective unconscious

A store of human concepts shared by all people across all cultures

Archetypes

Ideas and images of the accumulated experiences of all human beings

Alfred Adler

The psychologist who believed that people are basically motivated by a need to overcome feelings of inferiority

Erik Erikson

The psychologist who proposed an eight-stage theory of psychological development

Behaviorism

The personality theory that reaches that environmental forces shape people’s behavior

Socialization

The use of reinforces to influence people to perform socially desirable behaviors

Observation Learning

The personality theory that focuses on learning by observation and on the role of cognitive processes that produces individual differences

Humanistic

The approach to personality development that maintains that people are free to make conscious choices and are responsible for their choices

Abraham Maslow

The psychologist who believed that people wish to reach their full potential but must follow individuals paths to do so

Self-concept

A view of oneself and an individual

Carl Rogers

The psychologist who developed the self theory, which asserts that people have a need for consistency between their self-concepts and their experiences

Self-esteem

The belief of oneself. or self respect

Acculturation

The process of adapting to a new of different culture