Child Development Exam Revision

A comprehensive vocabulary review deck covering reproduction, stages of pregnancy, prenatal health testing, labour and birth interventions, newborn assessment, PIES developmental domains, and play types based on the Child Development Exam Revision guide.

Menstruation

The lining of the uterus is shed as a fertilised egg has not implanted, usually last for 5 days

Pre ovulation

The stage of the menstrual cycle occurring after menstruation and immediately prior to the release of an egg.

Uterus regrows and egg develops in ovary.

Ovulation

The release of an egg (ovum) from one of the ovaries, occurs 14 days before a period arrives which is half way through the cycle.

Post ovulation

The lining of the uterus continues to thicken for a possible pregnancy as the egg enters the oviducts/fallopian tubes

How long does a menstrual cycle lasts for and what is it’s purpose?

28 days, the purpose of it is to prepare the uterus for a possible pregnancy.

Endometrium

Is the thick blood lining of the uterus, it builds up each month through hormones to prepare for a fertilised egg to be implanted, if not fertilised the lining is shed as a period.

Conception

The biological process in which a sperm fertilises an egg, typically taking place in the fallopian tube, to begin pregnancy.

BOY

XY

IDENTICAL TWIN GIRLS

XX Split in two

FRATERNAL TWIN BOYS

XY XY

TRIPLETS - IDENTICAL GIRLS ONE BOY

XX Split XY

hCG

Human Chronic Gonadotropin produced from placenta is the hormone dectected on a at home pregnancy test through a urine sample.

Germinal stage

The initial stage of pregnancy and prenatal development spanning from fertilisation until implantation in the uterine wall, development of specialisation cells. Week 0 - 2

Embryonic stage

The second stage of prenatal development following the germinal stage, during which major organs and basic body structures begin to develop, the brain and spinal cord are almost formed. Week 2 - 8

Foetal stage

The final and longest stage of pregnancy following the embryonic stage, characterised by rapid growth, and development of the foetus, with main organs and the body being formed. Weeks 9 - 40.

Urine Test

A standard clinical test conducted during pregnancy to check blood sugar, proteins, bacteria, and blood cells for conditions like a UTI or Gestational diabetes.

Ultrasound

A prenatal imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves to monitor the growth, health, and anatomical development of the unborn baby, helps pick up abnormalities.

Amniocentesis

Done in between 16-20 weeks, doctor may recommend test, checks for fetal abnormalties.

CVS (Chorionic Villus Sampling)

A prenatal test that samples tissue from the placenta to evaluate chromosomal or genetic conditions in the unborn baby.

IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation)

An assisted reproductive technology procedure where an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the body in a laboratory setting before being placed into the uterus.

Environmental factors

External maternal exposures and substances—such as tobacco, alcohol, and drugs—that can adversely affect the health and development of the growing foetus.

SUDI / SIDS

Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy / Sudden Infant Death Syndrome; the unexplained death of an otherwise healthy baby during sleep.

The 'Life-Support' System

The biological system inside the uterus—consisting of the placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid—that supplies substances needed by the growing foetus and removes waste products.

Placenta

A temporary organ attached to the uterine wall that facilitates the transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the foetus and removes waste products via the umbilical cord.

Umbilical cord

The vascular structure connecting the developing foetus to the placenta, carrying essential substances to the baby and waste substances away.

Amniotic fluid

The protective fluid surrounding the foetus inside the amniotic sac that cushions and supports foetal movement and development.

Epidural

A type of regional anaesthesia administered into the lower back to block pain signals during labour and childbirth.

Caesarean

A surgical procedure involving an incision through the mother's abdomen and uterus to deliver a baby when vaginal birth is not possible or safe.

Ectopic pregnancy

A pregnancy complication in which a fertilised egg implants and grows outside the main uterine cavity, most commonly in a fallopian tube.

Episiotomy

A surgical incision made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening and aid a difficult delivery.

Water birth

A method of childbirth in which the mother spends part of labour or the delivery immersed in a pool of warm water for pain relief and comfort.

Stage 1 of labour

The initial phase of labour characterized by onset of regular uterine contractions and progressive thinning and dilation of the cervix.

Stage 2 of labour

The active birthing stage of labour that begins when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the delivery of the baby through the birth canal.

Stage 3 of labour

The final stage of labour occurring after the baby is born, involving the detachment and delivery of the placenta and fetal membranes.

Bottle feeding

An infant feeding method using a bottle and teat to supply expressed breast milk or infant formula to the newborn.

Breastfeeding

The process of feeding an infant milk directly from the mother's breasts, providing natural nutrition and maternal antibodies.

APGAR

A quick assessment administered to newborns immediately after birth that evaluates five vital criteria: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.

Post-natal depression

A serious emotional and psychological condition experienced by some mothers following childbirth, characterized by persistent sadness, anxiety, and fatigue.

Development (PIES)

The holistic framework used to assess whole-child growth across four interconnected domains: Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, and Social development.

Physical development

The aspect of child development involving bodily growth, motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and overall physical functioning.

Intellectual development

The area of child development focusing on cognitive growth, thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, memory, and language acquisition.

Emotional development

The facet of child development concerning the identification, expression, understanding, and self-regulation of feelings.

Social development

The domain of child development focused on how children form relationships, interact, communicate, and navigate social situations with others.

Manipulative play

A category of play that involves handling, moving, sorting, and manipulating physical objects to build fine motor coordination and spatial awareness.