Electrolytes and Acid-base

what percentage of body water is ICF

40%

where is low in potassium and protein

outside the cell

which ion only differs by a small extent

calcium

how is Na+ K+ maintained

Na+ K+ ion ATP pump

what does hyperosmolality cause

thirst centres activated so more water in

ADH release so more water retained

why does high flow rate lead to more K+ secretion

this leads to more passive movement as the concentration gradient is better maintained

what are the names of the electrodes

reference electrode

selective electrode

what is teh function of the reference electrode

total ion concentration of the blood

what causes increased Na+ intake in hyperatraemia with dehydration

salt lick

hypertonic saline or sodium bicarbonate

hyperaldosteronism

what cuases a net retention in isotonic fluid leading to oedema/transudate with normonatraemia

CHF

hepatic cirrhosis

nephrotic syndrome

excess water in the blood due to

oedematous disorders

shift of water from ECF to ICF due to hyperglycaemia

what happens in organic acidosis

high elvels of lactate or ketoacidosis but they are weak acids so constant assoication and dissociation with H+ so move with H+ and buffer it so no change in K+ so indictates ketosis not liver failure

what happens with increased K+ loss from cells to H+

more H+ into the cells which cuases alkalosis, but has to maintain the charge and work together

what are the specifics of shifting K+ ions from the ICF to the ECF

metabolic acidosis

rhabdomyolosis or msucel damage

massive necrosis

what is the name of the thing where chloride doesn’t move with Na+ due to being affected by HCO3- movement

increased anion gap

equations

pH = 6.2 + log concentration of bicarbonate/concentration of carbonic acid

H+ ion concentartion = 24 X pCO2 multiplied by the concentration of bicarbonate

what does respiratory alkalaemia cuase

compensatory mechanism called metabolic acidosis - decreased bicarbonate