Chapter 27: Pediatric Radiographic Techniques

b

Which of these statements is false?

A) Children are at risk for caries that progress more rapidly than in adults.

B) Children should receive dental radiographs less frequently than adults.

C) Standard techniques must often be adapted to the smaller oral cavity of the child patient.

D) Behavior modification strategies can assist the radiographer in gaining the confidence of the child patient.

d

Each of the following is an indication to expose radiographs on children except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Detection of congenitally missing teeth

B) Assessment for orthodontic intervention

C) Evaluation of diseases and pathosis

D) Inspection of open interproximal contacts

b

Which of these statements is false?

A) A size 0 or 1 intraoral image receptor is usually the choice for a child with primary teeth.

B) The preferred image receptor for use with a child with transitional dentition is size 1.

C) The radiographer should use the largest size image receptor the child can tolerate.

D) The amount of radiation required does not depend on the size of the intraoral image receptor.

c

Each of the following should be considered when choosing the number and size of image receptors to expose on a child patient except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Sensitivity of the mucosa

B) Cooperation level of the child

C) Presence of the parent or caregiver

D) Size of the oral cavity

a

At what age would a child most likely benefit from the exposure of two bitewing and two occlusal radiographs when a complete mouth examination is required?

A) 5 years

B) 10 years

C) 13 years

D) 15 years

d

At what age would a child most likely benefit from the exposure of 4 bitewing and 14 periapical radiographs when a complete mouth examination is required?

A) 5 years

B) 10 years

C) 11 years

D) 15 years

b

Which of the following extraoral radiographs is commonly assessed for in conjunction with intraoral radiographs for the child patient?

A) Transcranial

B) Panoramic

C) Waters

D) Reverse towne

a

Each of the following may assist with placement of the image receptor for a child patient except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Placing the image receptor parallel to the long axes of the teeth of interest

B) Using a smaller size image receptor

C) Switching to a smaller, lighter image receptor-holding device

D) Using the bisecting technique

c

Each of the following statements regarding dental radiography of the child patient is correct except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Vertical angulation may need to be increased slightly.

B) Increasing the vertical angulation over perpendicular will help image the root apices.

C) The bisecting technique will produce less distortion and magnification than the paralleling technique.

D) The bisecting technique can produce reasonably acceptable images when parallel positioning is not possible.

c

Which of these statements is false?

A) A child's smaller size places radiation-sensitive tissues closer to the path of radiation.

B) A thyroid collar should be placed on all child patients.

C) ALARA protocols that apply to adults do not apply to children.

D) Radiographs on children require less radiation exposure than adults.

c

Deciding whether to expose dental radiographs on a child patient is based on

A) age.

B) behavior.

C) individual needs of the patient.

D) sensitivity of the oral cavity.

c

The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends that a child's first professional oral examination be

A) between the ages of 3 and 6 months.

B) between the ages of 2 and 4 years.

C) within 12 months following eruption of the first tooth.

D) soon after the eruption of all primary teeth.

a

The first pediatric radiographic survey may not be necessary until

A) all primary teeth have erupted and prevent a visual inspection of interproximal surfaces.

B) the arches have developed sufficiently to accommodate placement of the image receptor.

C) the age of 6 years, when cooperation is more likely.

D) the child presents with signs or symptoms of oral disease.

a

Which size image receptor would best image a bitewing radiograph on a 4-year-old?

A) Size 0 or 1

B) Size 1

C) Size 1 or 2

D) Size 3

d

In which of the following situations would four horizontal posterior bitewing radiographs be recommended?

A) Prior to the eruption of the permanent first molar

B) Following the eruption of the permanent first molar

C) Prior to the eruption of the permanent second molar

D) Following the eruption of the permanent second molar

d

Once the first permanent teeth have erupted, the ideal full mouth survey should include a minimum of ________ radiographs.

A) 4

B) 8

C) 10

D) 12

d

A full mouth survey for a 15-year-old should consist of

A) 12 periapicals and 2 bitewings.

B) 12 periapicals and 4 bitewings.

C) 14 periapicals and 2 bitewings.

D) 14 periapicals and 4 bitewings.

c

Because the image receptor may lay flatter in the oral cavity of a child, the ________ angulation may be ________ to assist in recording more of the periapical region.

A) horizontal, increased

B) horizontal, decreased

C) vertical, increased

D) vertical, decreased

a

By how much should adult exposure times be reduced for a 6-year-old patient?

A) One-half the exposure time used for the adult patient

B) One-third the exposure time used for the adult patient

C) One-fourth the exposure time used for the adult patient

D) One-fifth the exposure time used for the adult patient

c

By how much should adult exposure times be reduced for a 12-year-old patient?

A) One-half the exposure time used for the adult patient

B) One-third the exposure time used for the adult patient

C) One-fourth the exposure time used for the adult patient

D) One-fifth the exposure time used for the adult patient

a

Less radiation is required to produce an acceptable image in children than in adults.

a. True

b. False

b

The amount of radiation required for an intraoral exposure on a child is approximately twice that required for an adult.

a. True

b. False

b

Increasing the exposure settings by twice that used for adults is appropriate for children under 10 years of age.

a. True

b. False

a

The radiographer must be able to communicate and explain the procedure so that the child understands what is expected.

a. True

b. False

a

It is better to postpone taking radiographs on an unwilling child than cause an unpleasant experience.

a. True

b. False

a

The use of Show-Tell-Do is especially useful with children.

a. True

b. False

b

The radiographer should place the image receptor and take the exposure without showing the child.

a. True

b. False

a

Modeling is a technique in which the child is given the opportunity to observe another patient undergoing a procedure.

a. True

b. False

b

Children have long attention spans, so a single instruction should be sufficient.

a. True

b. False

a

Giving the child a job to do, such as listening for the beep sound to be sure the x-ray machine worked, will encourage the patient to be a willing participant in the process.

a. True

b. False

a

Children have the same basic needs for oral health care as do adults.

a. True

b. False

a

Radiographic techniques and the types of projections used to image the oral cavity of the child patient do not differ significantly from those used for adult patients.

a. True

b. False

b

The evidence-based guidelines for prescribing dental radiographs pertain to adults, not to children.

a. True

b. False

b

Most children would benefit from a radiographic examination within 12 months following the eruption of the first primary tooth.

a. True

b. False

a

The full mouth survey recommended for the child patient between the ages of 12 and 14 is the same as for adult patients.

a. True

b. False

a

A lateral jaw extraoral radiograph can be used to assist with providing radiographic information for the child patient who cannot tolerate placement of an intraoral image receptor.

a. True

b. False

b

The natural process of shedding primary teeth is called "internal resorption."

a. True

b. False

b

A decrease in vertical angulation of no more than 20 degrees is acceptable to record more in the apical region on periapical radiographs for children.

a. True

b. False

b

Exposures on children between the ages of 10 and 15 should be the same as those used for adult patients.

a. True

b. False

b

The Image Gently campaign raises awareness for radiation safety and ALARA protocols for radiographic images of adults.

a. True

b. False