Chapitre 2 : De l'inventaire intermittent au compte de résultat

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering Chapter 2: the transition from perpetual to periodic inventory, balance sheet versus income statement mechanics, and revenue/expense classifications.

Comptabilité d’engagement (Accrual Accounting)

An accounting method where revenues (produits) are recognized when earned/acquired and expenses (charges) are recognized when incurred, rather than when cash is actually received or paid.

Résultat (Accounting Result)

The difference between total revenues and total expenses over a given period, expressed by the formula $\text{Résultat} = \text{Produits} - \text{Charges}$.

Résultat de l’exercice (Fiscal Year Result)

The final net earnings calculated as the difference between invoiced sales plus other revenues (subsidies, financial, exceptional) and purchases plus other expenses (services, wages, taxes, interest, exceptional items, and depreciation).

Bénéfice (Profit)

An internal resource generated by the enterprise's activity that reflects an increase in the firm's net worth/patrimony (or equity) between the beginning and the end of the fiscal year, rather than a direct cash flow.

Chiffre d’affaires (Turnover / Revenue)

The total sales of goods and sold production ($\text{Ventes de marchandises} + \text{Production vendue}$) invoiced to clients over an accounting period.

Inventaire permanent (Perpetual Inventory)

An inventory tracking method that continuously records stock entries at cost price and exits at purchase price upon sale, allowing the real-time calculation of profit but requiring high administrative complexity and cost.

Inventaire intermittent (Periodic Inventory)

A simplified inventory method where purchases and sales are recorded directly into expense and revenue accounts during the year, adjusting stock values only at year-end via a physical inventory count.

CUMP (Coût Unitaire Moyen Pondéré)

A stock valuation method (Weighted Average Unit Cost) that divides the total monetary cost of inventory purchases by the total quantity purchased to determine the unit cost of stock exits.

PEPS / FIFO (Premier Entré, Premier Sorti)

A stock valuation method (First In, First Out) operating on the assumption that the earliest acquired stock batches are the first ones to be consumed or sold.

Inventaire physique obligatoire (Mandatory Physical Inventory)

A legal requirement under the Code de commerce obliging companies using periodic inventory to conduct a physical count of items in warehouses and stores at least once a year, rather than relying on theoretical numbers.

Compte de résultat (Income Statement)

A summary financial document that classifies expenses and revenues by nature across operating, financial, and exceptional levels to detail the formation of the period's net profit or loss.

Charges (Expenses)

Definitive uses of funds (emplois consommés) that represent consumed resources and directly reduce or impoverish the enterprise's net patrimony.

Actif (Asset)

Provisional uses of funds (emplois provisoires) that retain economic value and remain within the company's patrimony without impoverishing it.

Produits (Revenues / Incomes)

Internal resources generated directly by the company's activity that mechanically increase the value of its patrimony.

Passif (Liabilities and Equity)

Provisional external resources provided by third parties (such as banks, suppliers, and the state) or shareholders that finance the business without directly altering net patrimonial enrichment.

Équilibre fondamental du bilan et résultat (Fundamental Accounting Balance)

The extended fundamental accounting identity relating financial statements: $\text{Actif} + \text{Charges} = \text{Passif} + \text{Produits}$.

Amortissement (Depreciation)

A non-cash expense representing the allocation of an asset's cost over its estimated useful life, reflecting the physical wear-and-tear and loss of value of company patrimony.

Autofinancement (Self-Financing)

Internal funding generated by the firm and retained within the business, composed of depreciation charges (amortissements) plus retained earnings (bénéfice mis en réserves).

Seuil de tolérance fiscale des immobilisations ($500\text{ € HT}$ Threshold)

A practical simplification rule allowing assets with a unit acquisition cost strictly below $500\text{ €}$ excluding tax to be directly recorded as an immediate expense (charge) rather than capitalized and depreciated.

Critères d'activation à l'actif (Asset Capitalization Criteria)

The three criteria used to distinguish an asset (actif) from an expense (charge): whether the expenditure significantly increases the item's value, generates future cash flows, or extends the useful life of the property.

Charges d'exploitation (Operating Expenses)

Routine costs inherent to the company's regular operations, including purchase of raw materials and goods, external services, wages, personnel social contributions, taxes, and depreciation allowances.

Charges financières (Financial Expenses)

Costs linked to the financing structure and borrowings of the business, primarily consisting of loan interest payments (intérêts d'emprunts).

Charges exceptionnelles (Exceptional Expenses)

Unusual or non-recurring costs that do not relate to the ordinary operating or financial activities of the enterprise.